Until the 20th century, most people didn't live in segregated areas, areas were racially and economically mixed
How did KC become hypersegregated?
Great migration
What increased KC black population?
racialization of space
the association of stereotypes of certain racial/ethnic groups to specific places.
blockbusting
practice of persuading owners to sell property cheaply because of the fear of people of another race or class moving into the neighborhood, and thus profiting by reselling at a higher price
is to "create a nonexploitative real estate market" and "sustain a multiracial neighborhood where people, regardless of race or color, can find satisfying conditions
what is 49/63 Neighborhood Coalition's mission?
encouraged people to stay put, take down the "for sale" sign, bought homes and then rented them, had the goal of integraation
What did 49/63 do?
A group or individual moving from one social class to another
Define social mobility
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Set of laws that enforced segregation in public & private spaces & services
define Jim crow laws
populations, density, diversity
According to Louis Wirth, what are the 3 qualities that make urban living unique?
the vitality & strength of communities & the shameful conditions in which the immigrants lived
What are the two sides of life as depicted by the immigrant experience in 5 Points (NY City) as depicted by Riis's photos?
Mutual aid societies
What sources of assistance did immigrants have in the late 1800s and early 1900s as they came to large US cities?
Europe
From which countries or world areas did most immigrants arrive in early US cities?
De facto is racial/ ethnic segregation achieved through informal means, de jure segregation is racial/ ethnic segregation achieved through laws governing who lives where
What is the difference between de facto and de jure segregation?
Measures segregation; how similiar & disimiliar people are
What information does the index of dissimilarity represent?
Color prejudice, racism, stereotypes
DuBois states that structural factors are at the heart of urban inequality. What evidence of urban inequality do you see today thatDuBois would recognize?
Nations began to open doors for more trade; also a major movement from one nation to the other
How did immigration transform the metropolis after WWII?
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Jobless ghettos are high poverty minority neighborhoods where fewer than half of the working age adults are working.
What is a jobless ghetto? How does the informal economy work in such places?
to "create a nonexploitative real estate market" and "sustain a multiracial neighborhood where people, regardless of race or color, can find satisfying conditions
What is 49/63 Neighborhood Coalition's mission?
Outlawed redlining & blockbusting & other racial practices,
Fair Housing Act 1968
advocates for affordable housing and safe living environments
Neighborhood Housing Services (NHS):
residential segregation
What by race is a modern phenomenon?
Jobless ghetto
William Julius Wilson
postindustrial city, deindustrialization of work & the economy, surburban sprawls created by highways, lowe redential deevelopment
Key factors in creating hypersegregated regions
Equity planning, fair & affordable housing, community organizing
How do we respond to the "jobless ghetto," hypersegregation, and the persistence of concentrated poverty?
equity
just & fair inclusion
One in which everyone can participate & prosper
What is an equitable society
hope to change
equity creates a path from ___ to ___
People migrate for safety purposes (economic, cultural, political,)
How are immigration and inequality related?
immigrant or urban enclaves
immigrants formed ___ or ___
the great migration
Brought African Americans from the rural South to North, Midwest, and Western cities
institutional ghetto
The great migration ---
sundown towns
small towns that prohibited black people from living there- had to leave by a certain time- in the north and south
tenements, tenement reform movement, origins of the planning profession were improving people's living conditions
terrible living conditions for the economically marginalized includes
color prejudice
web dubois relates to
The Philadelphia negro - sociology study
structural racism refers to
hull house in chicago led by Jane Addams
example of settlement house
redlining, racially-restrictive covenants
What did they use to achieve segregation?
deindustrialization
postindustrial city---
FHA and its discrimination policies
post WW11 inequality involved
jobless ghetto
result in the shift in the economy (deindustrialization)
jobless ghetto
mismatch between where people live and access to quality jobs- informal economy
40 % of people in a census tract are living in poverty
concentrated poverty after WW11
fair credit for qualified applicants
Neighborhood housing services provided
49/ 63
Sought to create a non- exploitative real estate market
1968 fair housing act
reversed discrimination in the housing and real estate markets- outlawed blockbusting , redlining - initially lacked enforcement power
equity
prosperity through participation and action- just and fair inclusion in society- recognizing that those with the least amount of choice need the most help
equal justice initiative
memorial to victims of lynching
michael ford's hip hop architecture
make the architecture profession more inclusive ( more black people in architecture)
income inequality
richer are getting richer and the poorer, poorer
Latinos & Asians
driving the population growth in KC MSA;
diversified economy, philanthropy, homegrown businesses, strong Black community activism
How has KC been doing better on just growth?
colonialism
the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
canonment
a military garrison or camp
economic enclave
geographic area with high ethnic concentration, characteristic cultural identity, and economic activity
ghetto
portion of a city in which members of a minority group live
enclave
territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory
tenement
a room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments
Mutual aid societies
Organizations developed to provide insurance & other services to members of immigrant & minority communities.
Tenement reform movement
A social movement in NYC & elsewhere designed to increase the safety of tenements & improve the living conditions of their residents
Social isolation
The lack of regular interaction between groups, particularly between a minority group & the majority population.
segregation
Exists when groups with different social statuses live or work separately
integregation
Exists when groups with different social statuses live or work together
index of dissimilarity
A statistical device that measures segregation by calculating the percentage of one or two racial groups that would have to move in order to achieve integration between the two
index of exposure
A statistical measure indicating the degree to which the average person of a given race or ethnicity lives near people of his or her own racial group
index of isolation
A statistical measure indicating the degree to which the average person of a given race or ethnicity lives near people of a different racial or ethnic group
occurs when a race/ethnic group is highly segregated in multiple ways, no matter how segregation is or measured.
what is hypersegregation?
institutional ghettos
Highly segregated neighborhoods where the social organization closely corresponds to that of the larger society
Informal economy
economic activities that fall outside regulations , tax payments, conditions of employment, etc.
Gentrification
Redevelopment of older residential and or industrial districts of the metropolis
The movement of industrial enterprises out of older metropolitan areas during the period after WW11
What is deindustrialization