Double Blind
is a dilemma in communication in which an individual (or group) receives two or more conflicting messages, with one negating the other
Reality Therapy
The underlying problem of all clients is the same: they are either involved in a present unsatisfying relationship or lack what could even be called a relationship. Primary need is to be love, belong, and feel worthwhile "WDEP" W= wants and needs; D= direction and doing; E= evaluation; and P = planning and commitment. Chief figures is William Glasser and Robert Wubbolding
Reality Therapy
an approach to psychotherapy and counseling. It was developed by the psychiatrist Dr. William Glasser in 1965. Reality Therapy is based on boyjoo and internationally and it has also been widely applied in education
Reality Therapy
This approach to counseling and problem-solving focuses on the here-and-now of the client and how to create a better future. Typically, clients seek to discover what they really want and whether what they are currently doing (how they are choosing to behave) is actually bringing them nearer to, or further away from, that goal.
Dobbins Praying through Model -
1. Talk to God honestly about what hurts you. Take the lid off of your hurts.2. Express your feelings about your hurts to God. Pour them out until you are emotionally spent.3. Meditate for a new meaning from your old hurts. 4. Praise God for the new meaning He gives you.
Circular causality
borrowed from family therapy, explains some of this behavior. Imagine if A makes B happen, in circular causality, B is also a cause itself, and can modulate or perpetuate A. So you get a circle, with A causing B causing A causing B... you get the picture.
William Glasser
. (born May 11, 1925) is an American psychiatrist.Born in Cleveland, Ohio, he is the developer of reality therapy and choice theory. His ideas, which focus on personal choice, personal responsibility and personal transformation, are considered controversial by mainstream psychiatrists, who focus instead on classifying psychiatric syndromes, and who often prescribe psychotropic medications to treat mental disorders.
Person- Centered therapy
also known as person-centered psychotherapy, client-centered therapy and Rogerian psychotherapy. is a form of talk-psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s.
Family therapy
also referred to as couple and family therapy and family systems therapy, is a branch of psychotherapy that works with families and couples in intimate relationships to nurture change and development. It tends to view change in terms of the systemsof interaction between family members. It emphasizes family relationships as an important factor in psychological health.
Carl Rogers
(January 8, 1902 - February 4, 1987) was an influential American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology. He is widely considered to be one of the founding fathers of psychotherapy research and was honored for his pioneering research with the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions by the American Psychological Association in 1956. The founder of person-centered approach.
Rollo May
(April 21, 1909 - October 22, 1994) was an American existential psychologist. He authored the influential book Love and Will during 1969Although he is often associated with humanistic psychology, his philosophy was influenced strongly by existentialist philosophy. He was a close friend of the theologian Paul Tillich. His works include Love and Will and The Courage to Create, the latter title honoring Tillich's The Courage to Be.
Phenomenology
is used to refer to subjective experiences or their study. The experiencing subject can be considered to be the person or self, for purposes of convenience.
Soren Kierkegaard
5 May 1813 - 11 November 1855) was a Danish philosopher, theologian, and psychologist. His theological work focuses on Christian ethics and the institution of the Church.[5] His psychological works explore the emotions and feelings of individuals when faced with life choices.
Fritz" Perls - Salomon Perls
(July 8 1893, Berlin - March 14, 1970, Chicago), He was a noted German-born psychiatrist and psychotherapist of Jewish descent. He coined the term 'Gestalt Therapy' to identify the form of psychotherapy that he developed with his wife in the 1940s and 1950s.
Individual Psychology
is a term used specifically to refer to the psychological method or science founded by the Viennese psychologist Alfred Adler. The concept of this was formulated in the process in which Adler broke away from the psychoanalytic school of Sigmund Freud.
Ego states (TA
Transactional analysis, commonly known as TA to its adherents, is an integrative approach to the theory of psychology and psychotherapy. "ego states"—the Parent, Adult, and Child states—which were largely shaped through childhood experiences.
Glasser: total behavior
Behavior ("Total Behavior" in Glasser's terms) is made up of these four components: acting, thinking, feeling and physiology. He suggests that we have considerable control or choice over the first two of these, and little ability to directly choose the latter two. As these four components are closely intertwined, the choices we make in our thinking and acting greatly affect our feeling and physiology. "Quality World
Main goal of TA
is an integrative approach to the theory of psychology and psychotherapy. Integrative because it has elements of psychoanalytic, humanist and cognitive approaches. It was developed by Canadian-born US psychiatrist Eric Berne during the late 1950s. (it was designed as a dissenting branch of psychoanalysis in that it put its emphasis on transactional, rather than "psycho-", analysis .With its focus on transactions, TA shifted the attention from internal psychological dynamics to the dynamics contained in people's interactions.)
Main goal of person-centered therapy
is a form of talk-psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s. The purpose is to allow patients to arrive at solutions to their problems by examining their own thoughts. Patients can then decide for themselves in what ways they need to change.
Family therapy models
is a branch of psychotherapy that works with families and couples in intimate relationships to nurture change and development. It tends to view change in terms of the systems of interaction between family members. It emphasizes family relationships as an important factor in psychological health.
Comparing major therapeutic theories
charts pinpoint the major differences between theories in areas such as multicultural focus, basic philosophies, and limitations.
Humanistic psychology
is a school of psychology that emerged in the 1950s in reaction to both behaviorism and psychoanalysis. It is explicitly concerned with the human dimension of psychology and the human context for the development of psychological theory.
A Christian Counselor
is distinct from a secular counselor. Christian counseling rises to another dimension. "In contrast to psychologically-integrated systems, Biblical counseling seeks to carefully discover those areas in which a Christian may be disobedient to the principles and commands of Scripture and to help him learn how to lovingly submit to God's will,
Eclecticism
is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases.
Eclecticism
It can sometimes seem inelegant or lacking in simplicity, and eclectics are sometimes criticized for lack of consistency in their thinking. It is, however, common in many fields of study. For example, most psychologists accept certain aspects of behaviorism, but do not attempt to use the theory to explain all aspects of human behavior. A statistician may use frequentist techniques on one occasion and Bayesian ones on another.
Gestalt Therapy
is an existential/experiential form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility, and that focuses upon the individual's experience in the present moment, the therapist-client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person's life, and the self-regulating adjustments people make as a result of their overall situation.Gestalt therapy was developed by Fritz Perls, Laura Perls and Paul Goodman in the 1940s and 1950s.
Glasser; five basic needs-
1. Survival2. Love and belonging3. Power 4. Freedom5. Fun
Transactional Analysis
commonly known as TA to its adherents, is an integrative approach to the theory of psychology and psychotherapy. Integrative because it has elements of psychoanalytic, humanist and cognitive approaches. It was developed by Canadian-born US psychiatrist Eric Berne during the late 1950s.
The purpose and components of a treatment plan
to provide treatment to the current unwanted situation
Treatment Plan Ingredients:
• The presenting problem• Diagnostic impression • Short/Long term goals • Recommended treatment
Treatment Strategy
• Assistance of health professionals?• Therapy or counseling?
Ellis' A-B-C-D-E-F format
teaching clients to recognize activating events corresponding beliefs, the emotional and behavioral consequences of these beliefs, the goal of RET is to teach a variety of ways to dispute the emotional beliefs, to discriminate or attend to new emotional and behavioral effects, resulting in new feelings
Behavior Therapy: factors that shape maladaptive behavior
It's perspective psychopathology is defined as behavior that is disadvantageous or dangerous to the individual and/ or to other people. Certain environmental circumstances shape the development of maladaptive behavior.
Examples: Maladaptive Behavior
Insufficient reinforcement, for ex: occurs when a person acts but does not receive a reward. On the other hand, reinforcement for maladaptive actions is also a possibility. This occurs when an individual is reinforced for negative behavior. The child who tells the truth about misbehaving and is immediately punished versus the child who lies about bad behavior and avoids punishment.
The role of the Holy Spirit in counseling
Through the influence and inner witness of the Holy Spirit, we have "inside information" about the universe, the origin and ultimate future of human life, and our purposes for living. (dwells within, guiding, sustaining, teaching, confronting, challenging, and convicting us)
David Olson
(1979, 1986) describe cohesion as the emotional bonding that family members have toward one another. He created the "Circumplex Model" of marital and family functioning. The circumplex idea "emerged from conceptual clustering of over fifty concepts developed to describe marital and family dynamics".