Four Major Perspectives on Education Psychology
Applications, Concerns, Focus, Goals
Applications (Perspective on Edu Psychology)
Classroom teaching activities, and school life
Concerns (Perspective on Edu Psychology)
Improvement
Focus (Perspective on Edu Psychology)
Learning, teaching, and research methods
Goals (Perspective on Edu Psychology)
Improve teaching processes
Research Methods
Descriptive, Ethnographic, Correlation, Experimental
Descriptive Research
Studying and describing events
Ethngraphic Research
Studying a group
Correlation Research
Relationship between studies
Experimental Research
Uses manipulated variables to study cause and effect
How do teachers use research?
Making cause and effect, and classroom decisions
Factors in good teaching
Commitment, teaching a range of students, knowing subject matter, high expectations
Prediction for 2020
60 % (2/3) of all school age students in Nation will be minority children
Causes of cognitive differences
students raised in regions with fewer resources tend to fair poorly in school, different experiences in and out of school
The Federal Government Intervention in the 1960s
Head Start Education Program, Upward Bound Education, Job Corp Education Programs
Erikson's stages of Development
Trust vs mistrust 12-18 months, Autonomy vs. Shame 18 months-3 years, Initiative vs. Guilt 3-6 years, Industry vs. Inferiority 6-12, Identity vs. Role Confusion
Adolescent Identities
Identity achievement, identity foreclosure, identity diffusion
Kohlbergs's stages of moral development
1 pre-conventional, 2 conventional, 3 post-conventional
Perspective taking abilities
understanding alternative views
What is learning?
A change in behavior due to experiences and interactions
Behavioral theory of learning
Emphasizes observable actions and contiguity, de-emphasizes internal learning
Thorndike's Theory on Learning
The Law of Effect - actions that result in good results will be repeated, actions are related to consequences
Teacher Strategies
Satiation, social isolation, extinction, group consequences, response cost, tokens, ripple effect
Fluid intelligence
non verbal, not influenced by culture
Crystallized intelligence
cultural intelligence
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence
Linguistic, logical, spatial, kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic
Tracking systems
Joplin (cross grade), in between ability, predictive
Basic types of students
The reflective, the field dependent (big pic), field independent (details), impulsive, surface processing, anxiety
Basic Student Goal Orientations
Mastery, task involved (lost in work), performance ego, work avoiding, failure accepting, failure avoiding
Cultural Deficit Concept: 1960s-1970s
believed that minority and immigrant students were at a cultural disadvantage so they could not do well in school.
About Erickson
8 stages of development, Psychosocial perspectives, Childhood crisis (need to solve problems during childhood)
Self-Concept
a cognitive structure determining how you see yourself
Self-Esteem
an Affective reaction, how you feel about yourself, is increased the most when one is doing well in one's valued subject
Classroom applications of Contiguity
rewards, Thorndike's Law of effect (actions are related to consequences)
Dealing with Misbehavior
cueing as a management method, deal with chronic misbehaviors PRIVATELY