asphyxiation
the condition of being derprived of oxygen (as by having breathing stopped)
clove hitch
Knot that consists essentially of two half-hitches. Its principal use is to attach a rope to an object such as a pole, post, or hose.
A 3- year- old child is admitted to the pediatric unit. The best way for the nurse to maintain the safety of this preschool-aged child is by:
1. Teaching the child how to use the call bell
2. Placing the child in a crib with high side rails
3. Keeping the
3. Constant supervision ensures that an adult can monitor the preschool-aged child's activity and environment so that safety needs are met. Preschool-aged children are active, curious, and fearless and have immature musculoskeletal and neurological system
The nurse is orienting a newly admitted patient to the hospital. It is most important for the nurse to teach the patient how to:
1. Notify the nurse when help is needed
2. Get out of the bed to use the bathroom
3. Raise and lower the head and foot of the
1. Explaining how to use a call bell meets safety and security needs. It reinforces that help is immediately available at a time when the patient may feel physically or emotionally vulnerable in an unfamiliar environment
The nurse is planning care for a patient with a wrist restraint. The restraint should be removed, the area massaged, and the joints moved through their full range every:
1. Shift
2. Hour
3. Two hours
4. Four hours
3. Restraints should be removed every 2 hours. The extremities must be moved through their full range of motion to prevent muscle shortening and contractures. The area must be massaged to promote circulation and prevent pressure injuries.
Which is the first action the home care nurse should employ to prevent falls by an older adult living at home?
1. Conduct a comprehensive risk assessment
2. Encourage the patient to remove throw rugs in the home
3. Suggest installation of adequate lightin
1. Assessment is the fi rst step of the Nursing Process. The best way to prevent falls is by instituting extra fall precautions for those patients at the highest risk. Most agencies have policies and procedures designed to identify, monitor, and support p
An appropriately worded goal associated with the nursing diagnosis Risk for Injury is, " The patient will be:
1. Taught how to call for help to ambulate."
2. Kept on bed rest when dizzy."
3. Restrained when agitated."
4. Free from trauma.
4. This is an appropriate goal. It is realistic, specifi c, measurable, and has a time frame. It is realistic to expect that all patients be safe. It is specifi c and measurable because safety from trauma can be compared to standards of care within the pr
The nurse is caring for a confused patient. To prevent this patient from falling, the nurse should: 1. Encourage the patient to use the corridor handrails
2. Place the patient in a room near the nurses' station
3. Reinforce how to use the call bell
4. Mai
4. Maintaining safety of the confused patient is best accomplished through close or direct supervision. Confused patients cannot be left on their own because they may not have the cognitive ability to understand cause and effect, and therefore their actio
The physician orders a vest restraint for a patient. What should the nurse do first when applying this restraint?
1. Ensure that the back of the vest is positioned on the patient's back
2. Permit four fingers to slide between the patient and the restraint
3. Even when applied correctly, restraints can cause pressure and friction. A baseline assessment of the skin under the restraint should be made. In addition, the presence of a dressing, pacemaker, or subclavian catheter may influence the type of restrain
A toaster is on fire in the pantry of a hospital unit. The nurse should first:
1. Unplug the toaster
2. Activate the fire alarm
3. Put out the fire with an extinguisher
4. Evacuate patients from the room next to the kitchen
2. Because no patient is in jeopardy, the nurse's initial action should be to activate the alarm. The sooner the alarm is set, the sooner professional firefighters will reach the scene of the fire.
The nurse understands that the most common factor that contributes to falls in the hospital setting is:
1. Wet floors
2. Frequent seizures
3. Advanced age of patients
4. Misuse of equipment by nurses
3. Older adults who are hospitalized frequently have multiple health problems, are frail, and lack stamina. All of these contribute to the inability to maintain balance and ambulate safely.
To best prevent a patient from falling, the nurse should:
1. Provide a cane
2. Keep walkways clear of obstacles
3. Assist the patient with ambulation
4. Encourage the patient to use the handrails in the hall
3. This widens the patient's base of support, which improves balance and decreases the risk of a fall.
The nurse identifies that the hospitalized patient at the greatest risk for injury is a:
1. Young child
2. Comatose teenager
3. Postmenopausal woman
4. Confused middle-aged man
4. A confused patient is at an increased risk for injury because of the inability to comprehend cause and effect and, therefore, lacks the ability to make safe decisions.
The nurse is planning care for a patient who requires bilateral arm restraints. Which information is important to understand when planning care for this patient?
1. Their use adequately prevents injuries
2. They require a physician's order to be applied
3
3. All patient care, including the use of restraints, should adhere to standards of care. The reason for the use of restraints must adhere to standards of care and be documented on the patient's hospital record to create a legal record that protects the p
The nurse understands that injuries in hospitalized patients are caused most commonly by:
1. Malfunctioning equipment
2. Failure to use restraints
3. Visitor
4. Falls
4. Research demonstrates that most injuries experienced by hospitalized patients occur from falls. Failing to call for assistance, inadequate lighting, and the physical condition of the patient all contribute to falls.
Which nursing intervention enhances an older adult's sensory perception and thereby helps prevent injury when walking from the bed to the bathroom?
1. Providing adequate lighting
2. Raising the pitch of the voice
3. Holding onto the patient's arm
4. Remov
1. This provides for the safety of patients, staff, and visitors within a hospital. Inadequate lighting causes shadows, a dark environment, and the potential for misinterpreting stimuli (illusions), and is a major cause of accidents in the hospital settin
when talking to older adults is is better to have a high or low pitched voice?
When talking with older adults it is better to lower, not raise, the pitch of the voice. As people age they are more likely to have impaired hearing with higher pitch sounds.
Define safety
the condition of being safe from undergoing or causing hurt, injury, or loss.
a basic human need
Name the 5 needs of maslows hierarchy of needs
physiological, safety, love belonging, self esteem, self actualization
what stage and give an example of love belonging
3- friendship
what stage and give an example of physiological
1- food, shelter, oxygen
what stage and give an example of self actualization
5- goals, problem solving
what stage and give an example of safety
2- fall, health
what stage and give an example of self esteem
4- respect for others
Give examples and of factors affeting infants/toddlers safety
motor vehicle accidents, SID, drowning, choking
cannot recognize danger, tactile exploration of enviornment, totally dependent
Examples of accidental poisoning
househould chemicals, lead, medicines, cosmetics
How to prevent poisoning
cabinet locks, store poisons high, keep poison control number available
how to treat poisoning
depends on poison ingested; antidotes, charcoal etc.
How to prevent fires
smokes alarms, fire extinguisher, no candles left unattended, safety with holiday lights, cig percautions, care with electrical cords
what are causes of homes fires
cooking, smoking, faulty wiring, improper use of wires, smoke inhalation
causes of pt falls
slippery floors, tubs, low toilet seat, high bed
how to prevent falls
nonskid shoes, tidy clothes, proper lighting, grab bars, no scatter rugs
define restraint; name two types
any device that restricts a patients voluntary movement or access to his body that cant easily be removed by the patients
mechanical & chemical restraint
what is a mechanical restraint
ie- siderail
what is a chemical restraint
ie- sedatives and psychotrophic agents
what are the two reasons restraints may be used
pt is a danger to self or others, must be imobilized temporarily so that a procedure may be performed
what are the regulations pertaining to restraints
must have dr order
order must be renewed every 24 hrs
check every 30 mins
every two hours release restraints and provide skin care
passive and active ROM
toileting
hydration
nutrition
you want to promote safety in 3 places:
in-client facilities
home
communities
nurses attend to safety needs of: (2)
clients in all healthcare settings.
healthcare workers, including themselves.
developmental factors affecting safety: infants/toddlers: (4)
cannot recognize danger
tactile exploration of environment
totally dependant
teach parents and grandparents about med storage
developmental factors affecting safety: preschoolers: (2)
play extends to outdoors
more adventurous
developmental factors affecting safety: School-age: (3)
try new activities without practice
more time outside the home
stranger danger
developmental factors affecting safety: Adolescents: (3)
false confidence; feel indestructible
risk-taking behaviors
most lack adult judgement
developmental factors affecting safety: Adults:(3)
may be exposed to injury in the workplace
lifestyle choice impact health
some decline in strength and stamina; other maintain fitness
developmental factors affeting safety: Older adults: (2)
lost of muscle strength
joint mobility
slowing reflexes
sensory losses
in meeting the safety needs of the adolescent client, it would be most important for the nurse to focus her teaching on?
a. smoking cessation
b. sports injuries
c. alcohol abuse
d. drivers education
d. drivers education
statistically, an adolescent is more likely to die in a car accident.
individual factors affecting safety (7)
lifestyle
cognition
balance, gait, and mobility
ability to communicate (buttons to alert for falls)
visual acuity
emotional health
safety awareness
poisoning prevention:
cabinet locks
store poison high
keep poison control telephone number available
what type of poisons can be found in the home?
household chemical
lead
medicines
cosmetics
treating poisons:
depends on the poisoning:
antidotes
charcoal
carbon monoxide poisoning:
produced by burning fuel: gas, wood, oil, kerosene
Prevention: carbon monoxide detector
how do you treat carbon monoxide poisoning?
%100 humidified oxygen
scalds and burns come from? (4)
what are ways you can prevent them?
hot water, grease, sunburn, cigarettes.
guardrails by fireplace
turning pot handles
care with candles
sunscreen
care when warming food in microwave
smoke alarms
caution with cigarettes
first extinguisher
no candles unattended
safety with holiday lights
ca
what is prevalent in those who are >65yrs old? (safety risk) and Prevention of this includes?
falls risk:
slippery floor, stairs, tubs; low toilet seat; high bed.
Prevention: nonskid shoes, tidy clothes, proper lighting, grab bars/rails, no scatter rugs.
firearms injuries: youth suicides; domestic voilence. Prevention includes?
firearms safety education for parents and children
proper locked storage
keep ammunition separate
what are two leading causes of asphxiation in children 0-4years old?
hot dogs and latex balloons.
suffocation/asphyxiation: drowning, choking, smoke/gas inhalation. who is at risk? and prevention?
children ages 0-4years old are a high risk.
Prevention: watch for small, removable parts
cut food into tiny pieces
attention to mobiles, strings, cords, plastic bags
barrier to pool
know heimlich maneuver
take-home toxins
are hazardous substances transported from the workplace to the home. ex: pathogenic microorganisms, abestos, lead, mercury, arsenic. prevention by being aware of workplace preventive measures, remove work clothing , shower if appropriate, gloves.
a child has hiccups for 2 hours. is this a sign of suspected ingestion of poison?
no.
motor vehicle injuries: causes and prevention
causes: failure to use seatbelts; use of alcohol; pedestrian accidents; nondeployment of airbag.
prevention: avoid distractions in care (cell phone, text messages, loud music); use designated driver; use seat belts, proper age-dependent restraints for chi
community-aquired pathogens: food-borne prevention.
porper storage, cleaning, and cooking of foods; clean cooking surfaces; attention to folk remedies.
community-aquired pathogens: vector-borne prevention.
drain standing water
insect repellents
protect skin contact with insects
wipe out breeding areas
Pollution: air, water, noise, soil. prevention:
proper disposal and recycling of solid wastes environmentally safe products
car pool
public transport
ear plugs
electrical storms: prevention
during a storm, seek lowest spot possible
seek shelter in large building, away from water
no use of metal objects
safety hazards in the healthcare facility: prevention
falls/prevention: fall risk assessment, environmental safety, clean dry floors, client education.
equipment-related accidents
fires/electrical hazards
restraints: side rails
mercury poisoning
PREVENTION: yearly facility training, following facility policy
when implementing the use of restraints on a hospitalized client, the nurse should?
a. restrain all confused cllients so that they do not sustain a fall injury.
b. tie the restraint to the bottom of the side rail so the client cannot reach it.
c. ensure t
c. ensure that the primary care provider renews the order for restraints once every 24 hours.
safety hazards for healthcare workers: prevention
back injury: body mechanics
needlestik injury: sharps awareness, proper disposal
radiation injury: radiation precautions, radiation badges. give for baby (in tummy) and mommy too.
workplace violence: environmental awareness of personal safety.
noise exposure
substantial exposure to noise has been associated with a range of adverse health effects, including hearing loss, stress, elevated blood pressure, and loss of sleep.
R.A.C.E
Rescue
Activate alarm
Confine
Extinguish