Histamine-2 (H2) antagonist
a drug that blocks the H2 receptor sites, used to decrease acid production in the stomach
H2 sites
these sites are stimulated to cause the release of acid in response to gastrin or parasympathetic stimulation
proton pump inhibitor
drug that blocks the H+, K+-ATPase enzyme system on the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells, thus interfering with the final step of acid production and lowering acid levels in the stomach
peptic ulcer
erosion of the lining of the stomach of duodenum; results from imbalance between acid produced and the mucous protection of the GI lining or possibly from infection by Helicobacter pylori bacteria
HCl
secreted by the parietal cells when stimulated by food
parietal cells
stomach epithelium cells that secrete gastric acid and intrinsic factor
1 to 4
pH level in the stomach
hyperacidity
also known as acid dyspepsia is the condition of excreting more than the normal amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach
some causes for this disorder are peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, stomach cancer and certain types of diet that cont
chief cells
these type of gastric cells secrete pepsinogen
mucous cells
these types of cells secrete mucous
Enterochromaffin cells
or Kulchitsky cells are a type of enteroendocrine cell occurring in the epithelia lining the lumen of the digestive tract and the respiratory tract
fundus
this part of the stomach is the left portion of the stomach's body, and is marked off from the remainder of the body by a plane passing horizontally through the cardiac orifice
gastric, fundus
these gland with two names are found in the body and fundus of the stomach
they are simple tubes, two or more of which open into a single duct, and the cells of this gland are of primary importance when discussing acid control
GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, adjunct therapy for controlling upper GI tract bleeding, gastric hypersecretion
Indications for H2 antagonists.
H2 antagonists
The mechanism of this drug is to block Histamine receptors of acid producing parietal cells, decreasing the production of HCl.
cimetidine (Tagamet), nizatidine (Axid), famotidine (Pepcid), ranitidine (Zantac)
Four of the most popular OTC H2 blockers are:
gynacomastia and impotence, headaches, lethargy, confusion, diarrhea, urticaria, sweating or flushing
Adverse effects of H2 antagonists include
Drug-drug interactions of H2 anatagonists
Important drug-drug interactions of H2 antagonists include inhibition of absorption of drugs that require an acidic environment in the intestines.
H2 anatgonists
Always assess for hepatic or renal impairment when administering H2 antagonists.
bismuth subsalicylate
Also known as Pepto-Bismol, used for treating traveler's diarrhea, prevention of cramping and distention associated with dietary excess and some viral infections.
Ioperamide
Tradename is Imodium, for short-term treatment of diarrhea associated with dietary problems, and viral infections.
proton pump inhibitor
suppress the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the lumen of the stomach
sucralfate
the only available GI protectant
proton pump inhibitor
this class of medication suppresses gastric acid secretion by specifically inhibiting the H+, K+ ATPase enzyme system on the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells
short-term
are proton pump inhibitors for short-term or long-term use?