normal HCO3
22-26
normal pCO2
35-45
normal pH of blood
7.35-7.45
normal O2 saturation
93-100%
normal pO2 level
80-100
possible causes of respiratory acidosis
think hypoventilation
drug overdose
rneumothorax
COPD
air way obstruction
CNS trauma
pulmonary edema
assessment finding of respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation
tachycardia (early sign)
confusion
dizziness
cyanosis
visual disturbances
CNS depression
bradycardia
nursing intervention for respiratory acidosis
assess resp., CNS, cardiac, renal systems
treat underlying problem
maintain hydration
avoid sedatives and narcotics
watch for hyperkalemia
give Na and Bicarb
possible causes of respiratory alkalosis
anxiety
pain
fever
exercise
hypermetabolic states
asthma
pneumonia
assessment finding for respiratory alkalosis
numbness/tingling
light headedness
confusion
tetany
hypokalemia
intervention for respiratory alkalosis
assess resp., neuro, cardiac systems
treat underlying problems
breath into paper bag
psychosocial interventions
watch for decrease in Ca+ and K+
possible causes of metabolic alkalosis
vomiting or gastric drainage
diuretic therapy
severe K+ depletion
cushings syndrome
assessment finding for metabolic alkalosis
hypoventilation
apathy
confusion
paresthesia
interventions for metabolic alkalosis
assess neuro, resp, and cardiac system
treat underlying problems
acetaxolamide (diamox) to increase bicarb excretion by kidneys
treat hypokalemia
seizure precautions
possible causes of metabolic acidosis
starvation
diabetic ketoacidosis
diarrhea
trauma/burns
assessment findings for metabolic acidosis
lethargy / drowsiness
Kussmauls respiration
twitching
N & V
intervention for metabolic acidosis
assess resp, renal, neuro, cardiac and endocrine
treat underlying problems
treat hyperkalemia
Na & Bicarb IV to neutralize
fluid replacement