respiratory 128

normal HCO3

22-26

normal pCO2

35-45

normal pH of blood

7.35-7.45

normal O2 saturation

93-100%

normal pO2 level

80-100

possible causes of respiratory acidosis

think hypoventilation
drug overdose
rneumothorax
COPD
air way obstruction
CNS trauma
pulmonary edema

assessment finding of respiratory acidosis

hypoventilation
tachycardia (early sign)
confusion
dizziness
cyanosis
visual disturbances
CNS depression
bradycardia

nursing intervention for respiratory acidosis

assess resp., CNS, cardiac, renal systems
treat underlying problem
maintain hydration
avoid sedatives and narcotics
watch for hyperkalemia
give Na and Bicarb

possible causes of respiratory alkalosis

anxiety
pain
fever
exercise
hypermetabolic states
asthma
pneumonia

assessment finding for respiratory alkalosis

numbness/tingling
light headedness
confusion
tetany
hypokalemia

intervention for respiratory alkalosis

assess resp., neuro, cardiac systems
treat underlying problems
breath into paper bag
psychosocial interventions
watch for decrease in Ca+ and K+

possible causes of metabolic alkalosis

vomiting or gastric drainage
diuretic therapy
severe K+ depletion
cushings syndrome

assessment finding for metabolic alkalosis

hypoventilation
apathy
confusion
paresthesia

interventions for metabolic alkalosis

assess neuro, resp, and cardiac system
treat underlying problems
acetaxolamide (diamox) to increase bicarb excretion by kidneys
treat hypokalemia
seizure precautions

possible causes of metabolic acidosis

starvation
diabetic ketoacidosis
diarrhea
trauma/burns

assessment findings for metabolic acidosis

lethargy / drowsiness
Kussmauls respiration
twitching
N & V

intervention for metabolic acidosis

assess resp, renal, neuro, cardiac and endocrine
treat underlying problems
treat hyperkalemia
Na & Bicarb IV to neutralize
fluid replacement