ADH (vasopressin)
Increases H2O absorption by kidneys & lowers Urinary Output
Secretion Inhibited by alcohol & caffeine & meds
Increases rate of cell division
Hormone produced by posterior pitutitary gland
None (Hypothlamus produced & PPG stores it)
GLUCAGON
Increase use of excess of amino acids and fats for energy
Increases conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver between meals.
Hormone that causes vasoconstriction in skin, viscera
NOREPINEPHRINE
Hormone increases heart rate anf force of contraction
EPINEPHRINE
Medication replaces ADH
Vasopressin & Desmopressin
Medication suppresses GH
(somatoprin) Sandostatin
Hyperthyroidism
med education Inderal (propranolol) given for tachycardia - beta blocker
Asthma
epinephrine & BRONCHOIDLATOR
SIADH Hypertonic
IV Fluid
Diklutional
Hyponatermia Bounding pulse, coma, ....
Thinning hair, red cheeks, moon face, easy bruising, and striae
HYPERFUNCTION OFADRENAL GLAND
Excess PTH Increase Levels of Calcium
- Will get kidney stones- Increased urine levels of Calcium
ADDISON'S Disease
Hypotension when aldosterone is deficient
Most important with HYPOTHYROIDISK & risk for Thyrotoxic crisis
VITAL SIGNS
Action of hypophysectomy
Neurologiocal assessment
First sign of Too much Synthroid
Elevated Heart Rate
SIADH DILUTIONAL
HYPONATREMIA
Hypersecretion of GH in adulthood
ACROMEGALY
What should be determined before Tapazole TREATMENT
Pregnancy
DIABETES MELLITUS
Group of metabolic disease, INSULIN
lEADING CAUSE OF BLINDENESS and amputations
LANTUS Insulin
No other Insulin
Fasting glucose level
> 126 mg/dL is DM
Casual plasma > 200 mg/mL =DM
Glucose tolerance > 200 mg/mL
DKA Blood glucose levels become very high
Type I (ketoacidosis)
Hyperosmolar,
hyperglycemis, nonketonic syndrome
Affect
Emotional tone
Exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyeball from the socket
Bulgy eyes-SYMPTOM OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
OXYTOCIN (PPG)
stimulates contraction of uterus and the milk "letdown" reflex
Hypothalamus
below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion
Posterior Pituitary
Neurohypophysis
This part of the pituitary does not produce hormones, but stores and releases oxytocin and ADH.
Anterior Pituitary (adenohypophysis)
TSH
ACTH
FSH
LH
GH
Prolactin
TSH (APG)
thyroid-stimulating hormone (secreted by the pituitary gland)controlls secretions of T3 and T4
Stimulates Growth
T3 & T4
contains iodine. Increases energy and metabolic rate
inc basal metabolic rate, stimulates protein synthesis, accelerate body growth and inc the use of glucose for ATP production
ACTH (APG)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone.stimulates secretion of CORTISOL from adrenal cortex
FSH
Initiates development of ova in ovaries (oogenesis)-Stimulates follicle development of ovaries and development of sperm cells
LH
Luteinizing hormone, ovulation and egg release, maturation of egg, release of testosterone in males.
GH
Growth Hormone - Anterior pituitary-Somatotropin
Stimulates mitosis (cell divion) and protein synthesis (increases transport of amino acids), increases energy produc (fat).
PROLACTIN (APG)
initiates milk production in mammary glands when estrogen & progesterone decrease
PTH
parathyroid hormone
Increases resoption of calcium from bones; raises blood calcium level-Lower Blood Phosphate level
INHIBIN
a hormone produced by the Sertoli cells that inhibits production of FSH & LH
ADRENAL MEDULLA
cHROMAFFIN CELLS-secretes
Epinephrine- ^ HR,use of fats,resp/ Dilates bronchioles, slow peristalsis, stimulates liver glycogen=>glucose
Norepinephrine- VasoconstrIction/ ^ BP
ADRENAL CORTEX
secretes
Glucocorticoids (regulates carbohydrate metobolism), Mineralocorticoids (regulate amount of salt & water absorbed & lost by kidneys) small amounts of make female hormones - part of endocrine system
GLUCOCORTICOiDS
Cortisol and Cortisone- produced in the Adrenal cortex
increase blood glucose levels through stimulation of gluconeogenesis and the decrease of protein synthesis. They also reduce the body's immunological and inflammatory responses. Increases Lipolysis.
MINERALCORTICOIDS
Aldosterone- Na retention, increases resorption by kideneys
Affect the water and electrolyte composition of the body
steroid sex hormones
secreted by primary sex organs in response to FSH and LH
PANCREAS
iSLET OF LANGERHANS-alpha cells: Glucagon/ Beta cells: insulin / Delta cells: somatostatin-inhibit insulin & glucagon
regulate blood sugar; break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; &produces sodium bicarbonate-neutralizes stomach aci
GLUCAGON
^ conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver between meals- Energy produc.
INSULIN
Beta cells- lowers blood glucose/stores glucose/glycogenesis
Regulate Blood Calcium level?
Calcitonin & PTH
Regulation of Metabolic rate
Thyroxine
ANDROGEN
male sex hormone that is produced in the testes and responsible for typical male sexual characteristics
AGING on endocrine system
Low TSH,Insulin secretion, glucose tolerance, GH, muscle mass HR therefore LOW ENERGY
Thyroid palpation
Do not palpate in a pt w/ Hyperthyroidism.
Stimulation Tests
sUBSTANCE INJECTED TO ATTEMPT TO STIMULATE GLAND
sUPRESSION tEST
Injected substance expected to supress hormone's release
Thyroid Scan
rADIOACTIVE INJECTED, TUMOR OR NODULES. sCAN HOT SPOTS (NOT malignant). cOLD SPOTS (MALIGNANCY)
Fasting Plasma Glucose
no caloric intake for at least 8 hrs - (less than 100- greater than 126) Impaired Fasting Glucose **by 126 (DM)-meds,
goal = 70-110 mg/dL
oRAL gLUCOSE tOLERANCE tEST
high sugar drink, tests urine and blood every hour for 3 hrs, fasting state, no food or drink for at least 10 hours prior to test; blood glucose measured initially and after consuming 75 grams of glucose
Glycosylated Hemoglobin
Hb A1c
indication of average glucose concentration over a 3-4 month period
Amenorrhea
...