Period:
This follows a declarative sentence
Period:
This follows accepted abbreviations
Period:
This follows an indirect question
Period:
A series of these indicates omission in quoted material
Comma:
Introductory words, such as yes and no, are set apart by these
Comma:
Used to separate quoted expresions
Quoted expresions:
He said, "I will be ready on time.
Dash:
This indicates an interruption or an abrupt change of ideas in a sentence
Quotation marks:
These are used to enclose titles of chapters, articles, short poems or stories, song and essays
Quotation marks:
Used to enclose slang words, technical terms or other expressions that are unusual
Parentheses:
These are used to enclose supplementary or explanatory material which interrupts the main sentence
Question mark:
Used after a direct question
Hyphen:
Used to divide a word that won't fit on same line
Hyphen:
Used with compound numbers
Hyphen:
Used to form new words beginning with self, ex, all, trans and great
Asexual reproduction:
method of reproducing from one parent by means of mitosis
Atomic Number:
Number of protons in nucleus
Atrophy:
Reduction in size or wasting away of organ or cell from disease or lack of use
Axon:
neuron process that carries impulses away from nerve cell body
Bactericidal:
able to kill bacteria
Basal metabolic rate:
Rate at which energy is expended by the body per unit of time under controlled conditions
Beta Particle:
An electron emitted from a nucleus in one type of radioactivity
Synonym:
different words with identical meanings
Onomatopoeia:
A word that imitates the source of the sound it describes
Simile:
A figure of speech comparing two unlike things using like or as
Hyperbole:
A figure of speech in which statements are exaggerated
Hyperbole:
These books weight a ton.
Simile:
He is as fast as a speeding bullet.
Onomatopoeia:
Moo.
Synonym:
student and pupil
Metaphor:
Using two nouns and compare or contrast them.
Metaphor:
I am a rainbow.
Acetylcholine (ACH):
Chemical transmitter substance released by some nerve endings
Acid:
A compound the yields H+ ions in solution
Acid-base balance:
pH of blood is maintained between 7.35 and 7.45
Actinides:
The row of elements below the periodic table
Action Potential:
a large transient depolarization event, including polarity reversal, that is conducted along the membrane of a muscle cell or a nerve fiber
Active Transport:
Membrane transport processes for which ATP is provided
Adaptation:
Receive, interpret and respond to internal and external stimuli via the nervous system
Adhesion:
Molecular attraction between dissimilar molecules.
Example of adhesion:
Attraction between water molecules and molecules that make up the inside of a xylem tube
Adrenergic fibers:
Any of the fibers that transmit impulses to other nerve cells, smooth muscle, or gland cells by norepinephrine
Aerobic:
In the presence of oxygen
Afferent Nerve:
A sensory nerve that contains processes of sensory neurons and carries nerve impulses to the CNS
Agglutination:
Clumping of foreign cells; induced by corsslinking of antigen-antibody complexes
Agonist:
Muscle that bears the major responsibilty for effecting a particular movement; a prime mover
Alkali metals:
The colum of elements from lithium to francium
Allele:
any of the alternative forms of a gene
Allergy (hypersensitivity):
overzealous immune response to an otherwise harmless antigen
Alpha Particle:
A cluster of 2 protons and 2 neurtons emitted from a nucleus in one type of radioactivity
Amnion:
Fetal membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac around the embryo
Anabolism:
Energy required during building phase of metabolism in which simipler substances are combined to form more complex substances
Anaerobic:
Without the presence of oxygen
Anion:
Atom or molecule with negative charge
Anode:
The negative electrode at which oxidation occurs
Antibody:
a protein molecule that is released by a plasma cell and binds specifically to an antigen; an immunoglobulin
Aqueous:
A solution with water as the solvent
Arteries:
Blood vessels that conduct blood flow away from the heart and into circulation
Articulation (joint):
the junction of two or more bones
Pi:
3.14 or 22/7
Circumference of a circle:
C=2 x Pi x r
Area of a Circle:
A= Pi x r ^2
Radius of a circle:
is the line segment connecting the center of the circle to any point on the circle
Circumference of a circle:
The total distance around the circle
Diameter of a circle:
A line that passes through the center of the circle, connecting any two points
Perimeter of a triangle:
P=a+b+c
Area of a triangle;
A=1/2 b x h
Pythagorean Theorem:
a^2 + B^2 = C^2 Hypotenuse is denoted by letter C
Perimeter of a rectangle:
P=2L x 2W
Area of rectangle:
A = L x W
Perimeter of a square:
P= 4 x s
Area of square:
A = S^2
Volume of a cube or Prism:
V= L x W x H or S^3
Volume of a circular cylinder:
V= Pi x r^2 x H
Ratio:
Comparison of two numbers by division
Proportion:
Two equal ratios
Fraction to decimal:
Divide numerator by denominator
Interest formula:
Principal x rate x time
Avogadro's Law:
Equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules
Boyle's Law:
The volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure
Bronchioles:
Branching air passageways inside the lungs
Calorie:
Unit of energy equal to 4.184 joules
Cathode:
The positive electrode at which reduction occurs
Charles' Law:
The volume of a gas varies directly with temperature
Chlorophyll:
Green plant pigment found in chloroplast; necessary for pothosysthesis
Chloroplast:
Plant cell structures containing light-sensitive chlorophyll
Bowman's Capsule:
A network of capillaries encased in a membrane in the kidney for the purpose of filtration
Circulation:
Transporting oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues via cardiovascular system
Coenzyme:
Nonprotein substance associated with activating an enzyme, typically a vitamin
Cohesion:
Attraction between similar molecules
Colloid:
Suspension that does not separate on standing
Colony:
A group of bacteria cells
Complemental air:
Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled
Corticosteroids:
Steroid hormones released by the adrenal cortex
Cotyledon:
Seed leaf that stores food for a plant embryo of seed plants
Covalent bond:
atoms linked together by sharing valence electrons
Cranial nerves:
The 12 nerve pairs that arise from the brain
Culture medium:
Specially prepared nutritious substance used to grow experimental organisms
Dendrite:
Branching neurons that transmit the nerve impulse toward the cell body
Disaccharide:
Sugar formed by the combination of two simple sugar molecules
Corticosteroids:
Used medically as an anit-inflammatory agent
Deoxyribonucleic acid:
A nucleic acid found in all living cells which carries the organism's hereditary information
Dominant traits:
Occurs when one allele masks or suppresses the expression of its partner
Electrode:
A conducting substance that connects an electrolyte to an external circuit
Electrolyte:
An ionic substance that has high electrical conductivity
Embryo:
Early development of an animal or plant after fertilization
Emulsion:
Suspension of two liquids which are incapable of mixing or attaining homogeneity
Endocrine glands:
Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood
Enzyme:
A protein catalyst
Protein catalyst:
A chemical that changes the rate of a chemical reaction in living tissue without itself being chemically altered
Erythrocytes:
Red blood cells
Estrogen:
Hormones that stimulate female secondary sex characteristics
Expiration:
The process of breathing out
Fascia:
Layers of fibrous tissue covering and separating muscle
Fermentation:
Release of energy from sugar without the use of oxygen; anaerobic respiration
Fetus:
developmental stage 9 weeks to birth
Fibrinogen:
A blood protein that is converted to fibrin during blood clotting
Fibrin:
a white, insoluble protein
Filtrate:
Liquid that passes through the pores in a filter
Follicle:
Ovarian structure consisting of a developing egg surrounded by one or more layers of follicle cells; colloid-containing structure of the thyroid gland
Free energy:
The thermodynamic quantity measuring the tendency of a reaction to proceed
Fulcrum:
The fixed point on which a lever moves when a force is applied to it
Gamete:
Sex or germ cell
Genetic code:
Amino acid sequences
Amino acid sequence:
Rules by which the base sequence of a DNA gene is translated into protein structures