Puberty
is the time when reproductive systems mature and become capable of reproduction.
10 to 16 years
Hormonal changes of puberty in boys begin between the ages of
breasts
The first outward change of puberty in girls is the development of
2 to 21/2
The first menstrual period usually occurs ___________ years after the outward phyiscal changes
Secondary Sexual Characteristics In Boys
pubic, facial, and underarm hair; penis and tests enlarge
Secondary Sexual Characteristics In Girls
hips broaden, breasts enlarge, pubic and underarm hair
Androgens
Male sex hormone
Penis
Male organ for urination and sexual intercourse
Scrotum
Skin sac that suspends testes away from the body
Semen
Seminal plasma plus sperm
Spermatogensis
Production of spermatozoa
Spermatozoa
Male germ (reproductive) cells
Testes
Organs that produce spermatozoa and male sex hormones
Testosterone
Primary male hormone
Convoluted seminiferous tubules
Spermatoza are produced in which part of the testes
Leydig cells
Testosterone is produced in which part of the testes
Increase mucles mass and strength
An effect of testosterone
Promotes growth of the long bones
An effect of testosterone
Increases basal metabolic rate
An effect of testosterone
Enhances production of RBC's
An effect of testosterone
Produces enlargement of vocal cords
An effect of testosterone
Controls distrubtion of body hair
An effect of testosterone
11 cm (4.25 in)
Anteroposterior measurements
13 cm (5.25 in)
Transverse
12.5 cm (5 in)
Left Oblique
12 cm (4.72 in)
Right Oblique
Batholini's glands (vulvovaginal glands)
Produce vaginal lubrication during sexual aroursal
Cervix
Passage for menstrual flow and fetus and is the narrow, tubular part of the uterus
Clitoris
Sensitive erectile body that gives erotic sensations
Endometrium
Uterine layer that responds to hormone changes during the menstrual cycle and in which the fertilized ovum implants
Fallopian tubes
Site of fertilization and early embryonic development
Myometrium
Muscular uterine layer to expel fetus at birth
Ovaries
Produce ova (female germ cells) and female hormones
Rugae
Folds or ridges of the vaginal mucous membrane
Skene's ducts (paraurethral ducts)
Lubericate urethra and vaginal orfice
Urethral meatus
Location for urine to be expelled
Uterus
Location for implantation of the fertlized ovum and growth of fetus
Vagina
female organ of sexual intercourse
Vaginal introitus
Division between external and internal female genitals
Alveolus (or alveoli)
Glands that secrete milk
Areola
Area of darker skin surrounding nipple
Cooper's ligaments
Provide support for breast
Lactiferous duct
Carry milk from alveoli to nipple
Lactiferous sinus
Widened area of duct that holds milk
Corpus luteum
Empty follicle after ovum is released
Dyspareunia
Painful sexual intercourse
Follicle
Cavity containing a single ovum
Menarche
First menstrual period
Ovulation
Release of mature ovum
FSH
Hormone produced in the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates maturation of a follicle
LH
Hormone produced in the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates final maturation and the release of an ovum
Estrogen
Hormone produced in the ovaries responsible for secondary female sexual characteristics, vascularization of the uterus, and enlargement of the endometrium
Progesterone
Hormone produced in the ovaries responsible for shrinking and the breaking down of the endometrium and causing menstration.
Nipples
The breast structures that secrete milk after childbirth are the
Fat
What determines the size of the breast?
Circular, longitudinal, figure-of-eight
The middle layer of the myometrium has what three types of fibers?
Just after menstruation
When is the endometrium of the uterus thinnest?
Linea terminalis
What divides the true pelvis from the false pelvis?
Android, anthropid, gynecoid, and platypelloid
What are the four types of pelvis?
Android
What type of pelvis does the male normally have?
Pelvic outlet
Which division of the female pelvis can change slightly to accommodate the fetus during birth?
The apperance of secondary sexual characteristics
What signals the beginning of puberty?
When mature sperm are formed
What signles the end of puberty in males?
When regular menstrual cycles occur
What signles the end of puberty in females?
Circumcision
Name a type of ritual passage for some cultures.
No
Is testosterone a type of cyclical hormone?
Estogene
Name a type of cyclical hormone.
Temperature regulation
The scrotum is primarily responsible for _______ _______ of the testes
Hematocrit
Testosterone causes males to have a higher _________ level than females.
Testosterone
What causes higher levels of sebum to be produced from sebaceous glands and increase the likelyhood of acne?
Epididymis
What stores and carries the sperm to the penis?
2 to 10
How many days can the sperm remain in the epididymis during which they mature and then move to the vas deferens
Protection, nourishment, enhances motility
What are the functions of seminal plasma?
Semen
The seminal plasma and sperm together are called?
Constant increase in temperature around the testes
What can prevent spermatogenesis and lead to permanent sterility?
Vulva
What are the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, fourchette, clitoris, vaginal vestibule, and perieneum collectively refered to as?
Mons Pubis
What is the pad of fatty tissue covered by coarse hair that protects the symphysis pubis adn contributes to the rounded contour of the female body called?
Fourchette (obsterical perineum)
Is a fold of tissue just below the vigna where the labia majora and the labia minora meet. Lacerations in this area often occur during childbirth.
Five
How many structures are in the vaginal vestibule?
Urethral meatus, skene's ducts, vaginal introitus, hymen, ducts of the Bartholin glands
What are the five structures that are in the vaginal vestibule?
Smegma
What is the name of the cheeselike secretion of the sebaceous glands?
Tears or incisions in the perineum that doesn't heal
What causes dyspareunia?
4 to 5
What is the normal acidic pH level of the vagina during reproductive years?
Levator ani
Which is the most important pelvic muscle?
Uterus
What lies between the bladder and the rectum above the vagina?
Broad ligament
Provides stability to the uterus in the pelvic cavity
Round ligament
Surrounded by mucles that enlarge during pregnancy and keep the uterus in place
Cardinal ligament
Prevent uterine prolapse
Uterosacral ligament
Surrounded by smooth muscle and contain sensory nerve fibers that may contribute to the sensation of dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation)
Yes
Can a paraplegic woman have adequate contractions for labor?
Perimetrium
The outermost or serosal layer that envelops the uterus
Cervix
The narrow and tubular part of the vagina
Cervical mucous membrane
Produces mucus plug during pregnancy and produces bacteriostatic vaginal lubrication