secularism
separation of state and religion
individualism
freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.
humanism
importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters
Petrarch
founder of humanism
vernacular
language of people
florence
city in Italy
patron
someone who supports or buys someone else art
medici
family of bankers and merchants who ruled Florence in 15th century
perspective
point of view
realism
art as it is
chiaroscuro
contrast of light and dark
contrapposto
human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs.
sfumato
blend of tone and color
composition
composition is the placement or arrangement of visual elements or ingredients in a work of art
Leonardo da vinci
used a lot of realism, stumsto, 1452-1519
Michelangelo
Florentine sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.
raphael
was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.
Niccolo machiavelli
was an Italian Renaissance historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer. He has often been called the founder of modern political science.
Giovanni Boccaccio
was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist. Boccaccio wrote a number of notable works, including The Decameron and On Famous Women.
albrecht durer
a painter, printmaker, and theorist of the German Renaissance. his reputation and influence across Europe when he was still in his twenties due to his high-quality woodcut prints.
Sir Thomas More
venerated by Roman Catholics as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist.
utopian
ideal and perfect state
Johannes Gutenberg
was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe.
dissent
someone who challenges authority and expression your own opionion, going against commonly liked knownledge. challenging authority
indulgence
grant by pope to reduce your need to please god.
excommunicate
the action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church.
jan hus
was a Czech priest, philosopher, Master, dean and rector at Charles University in Prague, church reformer, founder of Hussitism. lived from 1369 to 1415
John Wycliffe
english scholastic philosopher, theologian, Biblical translator, reformer, and seminary professor at Oxford. He was an influential dissident within the Roman Catholic priesthood during the 14th century. live from 1320 to 1384
martin luther
as a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. Luther came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church.
Wittenberg church
where martin luther is buried
fredrick the wise
was Elector of Saxony from 1486-1525. Frederick was the son of Ernest, Elector of Saxony and his wife Elisabeth, daughter of Albert III, Duke of Bavaria.
Charles V
Charles V was ruler of both the Spanish Empire from 1516 and the Holy Roman Empire from 1519, as well as of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1506.
Diet
form of deliberate assembly
peasant revolt of 1525
was a widespread popular revolt in the German-speaking areas of Central Europe from 1524 to 1525.
John calvin
French theologian and reformer in Switzerland: leader in the Protestant Reformation.
predestination
your destiny is already determined
Geneva
center of calvinist revolution
theocracy
Theocracy is a form of government in which a deity is the source from which all authority derives
sect
group separated from the church
anabaptist
Anabaptists are Christians who believe that baptism is only valid when the candidate confesses his or her faith in Christ and wants to be baptized.
sects
group of people with different religious beliefs
Henry VIII
King of england in 1500's. Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. Henry was the second Tudor monarch, succeeding his father, Henry VII. took over church so he could divorce his wife.
annulment
church says marriage was never real. no legal assistance
Mary tudor
queen of England and Ireland. died in 1558
book of common prayer
The Book of Common Prayer is the short title of a number of related prayer books used in the Anglican Communion, as well as by the Continuing Anglican, "Anglican realignment" and other Anglican churches. official device book of church of england
Elizabeth
queen of England who settled the dispute between protestantism and catholicism.