Process
a process that changes and transforms individuals
Influence
TL involves an exceptional form of influence that moves followers to accomplish more than what is usually expected
Core elements
concerned with emotions, values, ethics, standards, and long-term goals
Types of Leadership Defined (Burns)
Hint: 3 types
Transactional-Focuses on the exchanges that occur between leaders and their followers
Transformational- Process of engaging with others to create a connection that increases motivation and morality in both the leader and the follower
PSEUDOTRANSFORMATIONA
Transactional
Focuses on the exchanges that occur between leaders
and their followers
i.e., No new taxes=votes
The exchange dimension is so common that you can observe it at all walks of life.
PSEUDOTRANSFORMATIONAL
Leaders who are
-transforming but in a negative way
-self-consumed, exploitive, power-oriented, with warped moral values
-includes leaders like: Adolph Hitler, Saddam Hussein
Focuses on the leader's own interests rather than the interests of his or her fo
TRANSFORMATIONAL
Leader is attentive to the needs and motives of followers and tries to help followers reach their fullest potential.
Mohandas Gandhi - raised the hopes and demands of millions of his people and in the process was changed himself
Process of engaging with o
Transformational Leadership & Charisma (define)
Charisma - A special personality characteristic that gives a person superhuman or exceptional powers and is reserved for a few, is of divine origin, and results in the person being treated as a leader (Weber, 1947)
Charismatic Leadership Theory (House, 19
Model of Transformational Leadership (Bass)
Expanded and refined version of work done by Burns and House. It included:
More attention to followers' rather than leader's needs
Suggested TL could apply to outcomes that were not positive
Described transactional and transformational leadership as a con
Transformational Leadership motivates followers beyond the expected by:
raising consciousness about the value and importance of specific and idealized goals
transcending self-interest for the good of the team or organization
addressing higher-level needs
Transformational Leadership Factors (the 4 "I"s)
1. Idealized Influence (charisma)
- Acting as strong role models
- High standards of moral and ethical conduct
- Making others want to follow the leader's vision
2. Inspirational Motivation
- Communicating high expectations
- Inspiring followers to commit
Transactional Leadership Factors
Contingent Reward: The exchange process between leaders and followers in which effort by followers is exchanged for specified rewards
Management by Exception: Leadership that involves corrective criticism, negative feedback, and negative reinforcement
Two
Laissez-Faire
The absence of leadership.
Refers to a leader who:
abdicates responsibility
delays decisions
gives no feedback, and
makes little effort to help followers satisfy their needs
Causes and Pozner: Model consists of 5 fundamental practices
Model the Way
Inspire a Shared Vision
Challenge the Process
Enable Others to Act
Encourage the Heart
How does transformational Leadership work?
Describes how leaders can initiate, develop, and carry out significant changes in organizations
Focus of Transformational Leaders
TLs empower and nurture followers
TLs stimulate change by becoming strong role models for followers
TLs commonly create a vision
TLs require leaders to become social architects
TLs build trust & foster collaboration
Strengths of Transformational Leadership
Broadly researched-large body of qualitative research centering on prominent leaders and CEOs in major firms.
Intuitive appeal. People are attracted to TL because it makes sense to them.
Process-focused. treats leadership as a process occurring between fo
Criticisms
Lacks conceptual clarity
-Dimensions are not clearly delimited
-Parameters of TL overlap with similar conceptualizations of leadership
Measurement questioned
-Validity of MLQ not fully established
-Some transformational factors are not unique solely to th
Application of Transformational Leadership
Provides a general way of thinking about leadership that stresses ideals, inspiration, innovations, and individual concerns
Can be taught to individuals at all levels of the organization
Able to positively impact a firm's performance
May be used as a tool