Self awareness
insightfully processing feedback about oneself to improve one's effectiveness. Ex ample: is there something in my leadership approach that creates turnover problems?
Single loop learning
occurs when learners seek minimum feedback that might substantially confront their basic ideas or actions. Example: engage in defensive thinking and tend not to act on the clues they receive. "That's interesting feedback. I'll keep it in mind.
double loop learning
occurs when people use feedback to confront the validity of the goal or the values implicit in the situation. Example: one must minimize defensive thinking." That's interesting feedback. It could be a wake up call that I'm working on the wrong project. I'
Four kinds of lopsided leaders
1. heroic leader: too forceful and strategic
2. presidential: too strategic and enabling
3. field general: too forceful and operational
4. one of the troops: too operational and enabling
Self-discipline
mobilizing one's effort and energy to stay focused on attaining an important goal. Example: a leader is convinced that active listening is an important leadership behavior. the leader attends workshops on active listening. the leader concentrates diligent
education
there is a positive relationship between the amount of formal education and the level of leadership position attained
experience
without experience, knowledge cannot readily be converted into skills. helps build skills and insights a leader may not have formally studied. best experiences for leadership development are those that realistically challenge the manager
Capitalizing on challenging experiences
the leader or manager should be given leeway in choosing how to resolve the problem. extremely challenging experiences are referred to as crucibles, which reflect failure rather than grand success
Sources of experience: work associates
work associates can help a person develop in many ways. the worker might learn which type of praise is best for influencing others.
Sources of experience: work-related tasks
part of a leader's role is to be an effective and innovative problem solver. leadership ability is the most effective way of succeeding in areas where you lack technical expertise
Broad experience
assigning managers to cross-functional teams. Example: the manager of market research might be content to become a sales manager in order to enhance his or her portfolio
Mentoring
another experience based way to develop leadership capability is to be coached by an experienced, knowledgeable leader
Informal verses formal mentoring
proteges with informal mentors received greater benefits than proteges with formal mentors. informal mentors were also perceived as more effective
shadowing
directly observing the work activities of the mentor by following the person around for a stated period of time.
online mentoring
offers a wide pool of possible mentors and better matches between the mentor and the person mentored
Effective mentoring behaviors
1. highly credible: integrity shows through whether the message delivered is positive or negative
2. will tell you things you do not want to hear, but listens to you
3. interacts with you in a way that makes you want to improve your effectiveness
4. makes
impact on leadership
mentors demonstrating a high level of involvement tend to coach apprentices on how to handle certain leadership assignments. mentors help proteges understand the political aspects of the organization
The importance of having more than one mentor
one potential problem is that the mentor might perceive the protege to be a rival and attempt to damage his/her career. a common problem is that the mentor may wind up neglecting the protege due to his/her own responsibilities
Leadership development programs
a time-honored strategy for developing prospective new, and practicing leaders is to enroll them in leadership development programs. a real business is building leaders
Types of leadership development programs
feedback intensive programs helps leaders develop by seeing more clearly their patterns or behaviors, the reasons of such behaviors, and the impact of these behaviors. skill based programs: emphasis is on learning how to apply the knowledge. Example: a ma
5 different methods are used in skill based leadership
lecture, case study, role play, behavioral role modeling, and simulations
Conceptual knowledge and awareness programs
equip people with a conceptual understanding of leadership. Example: putting ideas into practice
Personal growth programs
developing leaders who are deeply in touch with their personal dreams and talents
Socialization programs
becoming acclimated to the company and accepting its vision and values
A ction learning programs
working together in groups to solve organizational problems outside the usual sphere of influence. Example: assigning managers to socially responsible projects that are not part of company operations
Coaching and psychotherapy
managers coached receive advice and encouragement in relation to to their leadership skills . undergo treatment for emotional problems that could be blocking leadership effectiveness
Leadership succession
an orderly process of identifying and grooming people to replace managers
How the board chooses a successor
thoroughly screening candidates, background investigation, executive search firms (headhunters). board members should invest the time to develop a feel for the personal chemistry of the candidates through such means as casual conversations over dinner and
The emotional aspects of leadership succession
leaders lose position, family owned firms might not have a willing family member to succeed .Family members may fight over who is best qualified to take the helm, or the owner and founder may not feel that any family member is qualified. The business may
Another emotional aspect of leadership succession
when a business founder is replaced by another leader, whether or not the enterprise is a family business. After the sale of his or her company, the business founder often stays on in some capacity, perhaps as a consultant or chair. Watching the new owner
Emotional aspects on the work group level
when a departing leader is well liked by the group or team, it will be more difficult for the new leader to exert his or her authority or to be accepted. Another problem is that when the previous leader was well liked, turnover in the group will be higher
Developing a pool of successors
1. evaluate the extent of an organization pending leadership shortage
2. identify needed executive competencies based on the firms future business needs, values, and strategies
3. identify high-potential individuals for possible inclusion i the pool, and
Growing inside leaders
Company insiders promoted to a top position know the company, its culture, and its people but often do not see clearly the need for radical change. Outsiders may recognize the need for a new approach but may be limited because they do not understand the c
insider-outsiders
internal candidates who have developed an outside perspective. they have considerable experience away from the company mainstream, and experience in taking on challenging opportunities
People participate in leadership development programs for two purposes
preparing to become a leader for the first time, or enhancing their leadership skills for a current position or advance into more leadership responsibility
5 challenges of being a new leader
1. uncertainty about how much time to spend verses doing individual tasks
2. overcoming the resentment of the people in the group who wanted your leadership position
3. building relationships and fostering teamwork quickly enough
4. having realistic expec