Leadership
a complex phenomenon involving the leader, the followers, and the situation
management
words associated are efficiency, planning, paperwork, procedures, regulations, control, and consistency
According to research, managers who participate in leadership training programs are the most effective leaders in an organization.
False
People will act differently in the presence of a group than when they are alone
True
Leaders are thought to do things right, whereas managers are thought to do the right things.
False
Followers are usually at the level where organizational problems occur, which enables them to provide leaders with pertinent information and influence upward.
True
The framework of leadership interaction consists of:
leaders, followers, and the situation.
Leadership is most likely associated with:
change (the word management suggests words like efficiency, planning, paperwork, procedures, regulations, control, and consistency. leadership is often more associated with words like risk taking, dynamic, creativity, change, and vision)
Which of the following statements about leaders is false?
a) All one needs is common sense to be a good leader. b)leaders need to identify that others' views are useful, c) leaders need to know when common sense applies and when it does not
d) leaders nee
a
What is Hollander's approach to leadership called?
the transactional approach. (it relies on a framework that depicts leadership as a function of three elements�the leader, the followers, and the situation)
Ideal followers are more likely to be perceived as:
independent (ideal leaders are characterized as honest, competent, forward looking, and inspiring where ideal followers are described as honest, competent, independent, and cooperative)
Perceptual sets, which can be triggered by feelings and expectations, can influence the senses and distort what people hear and see.
True
Self-serving bias refers to the tendency of people to take personal blame for failure and to share credit with others for success.
False
A manager who questions the validity of an organization's goals and values is most likely engaging in single-loop learning.
False (in single-loop learning, individuals learn only about subjects within the comfort zone of their belief systems. They are far less likely to question the validity of the goal or the values implicit in the situation as occurs with double-loop learnin
Although action learning programs have become increasingly popular, their effectiveness at developing leadership skills remains questionable.
True
According to research, coaching is more effective at facilitating permanent behavioral changes than on-the-job training activities.
True
_________ affect(s) all three phases of the action-observation-reflection model?
a) feelings
b) behavior
c) perception
d) personality
perception
Which term refers to the tendency to overestimate the dispositional causes of behavior and underestimate the environmental causes when others fail?
Fundamental attribution error
Learning how to learn can be thought of as
double loop learning
Leadership programs for senior executives and CEOs are LEAST likely to concentrate on:
time management tasks (leadership programs for senior executives and CEOs tend to focus on strategic planning, developing and communicating a vision, public relations, and interpersonal skills. training for mid-level managers would most likely address tim
What is formal mentoring?
involves an organization assigning a comparatively inexperienced but high-potential leader to a top executive in the company.
Obtaining external perspectives is an activity that should take place in the first day of a new leader's tenure according to the new leader on boarding roadmap.
False (obtaining external perspectives should occur in the first two months according to the on boarding roadmap. During the first day, a new leader should meet the boss and the team)
During the first few weeks in a leadership position, a new leader should have one-on-one meetings with key team members.
True
In order to gain control of personal development, leaders should identify actual goals, and if possible, review their current job performance.
True
Individuals with high levels of technical competence generally have expert power as well.
True
Executives frequently become derailed because they choose to adapt to superiors with leadership styles different from their own.
False (research has shown that some executives fail to get promoted (that is, are derailed) because they are unable or unwilling to adapt to superiors with leadership styles different from their own. followers need to keep in mind that it is their respons
What is the best way to learn from your leadership experience?
Keeping a journal of daily leadership events
What is the final step of a high-impact development plan?
Reflecting on progress with a partner
What is the LEAST likely way you can transfer learning to new environments?
Develop criteria for your short-term and long-term career success
Which of the following statements about GAPS analysis is most likely FALSE?
a) The acronym GAPS refers to goals, ambitions, perceptions, and standards
b) The first step in a GAPS analysis involves identifying career objectives.
c) the last step in GAPS an
A is false
(GAPS = goals, abilities, perceptions, standards)
What is the most likely purpose of a gaps-of-the-GAPS analysis?
Identifying high-priority development needs
Power is the degree of change in a target person's attitudes, values, beliefs, or behaviors.
False (Influence is defined as the change in a target agent's attitudes, values, beliefs, or behaviors)
Uniforms and other specialized clothing have been associated with status.
True
Reward power is the potential influence one has due to the strength of the relationship between the leader and the followers.
False (reward power involves the potential to influence others due to one's control over desired resources. Referent power refers to the potential influence one has due to the strength of the relationship between the leader and the followers).
Leadership and legitimate authority are synonymous.
False
People most likely use soft tactics (such as ingratiation) when they are at a disadvantage and expect resistance, or when they will personally benefit if the attempt is successful.
True
Which term refers to one person's actual behaviors designed to change another person's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors?
Influence Tactics
Which term refers to the status differential between members of a group?
Pecking order
What is Coercive power?
refers to the ability to control others through the loss of valued outcomes.
Which of the following is an extrinsic reward?
Compensation (extrinsic rewards like praise, compensation, promotion, privileges, and time off may not have the same effects on behavior as intrinsic rewards such as feelings of accomplishment, personal growth, and development)
What is Ingratiation?
occurs when an agent tries to get you in a good mood before making a request. (They use personal appeals when they ask another to do a favor out of friendship)
Leaders who make Theory X assumptions believe workers are self-motivated.
False (according to Theory X, people are not naturally industrious or motivated to work. Theory Y, on the other hand, reflects a view that most people are intrinsically motivated by their work)
Gen Xers are typically concerned with equality for all and tend to place work before family.
False (baby boomers are, while Gen Xers tend to embrace change and seek work-life balance)
In ethical climates, ethical standards and norms are consistently and clearly communicated.
True
Servant leaders need to understand others' feelings and perspectives.
True
Although formal policies and procedures help create and sustain an ethical climate, it is unlikely that an organization would improve its ethical performance through reward systems or performance evaluation tools.
False
Which generation of workers tends to be committed to a vocation rather than a specific organization?
Gen Xers
What is euphemistic labeling?
involves using cosmetic words to defuse or disguise the offensiveness of distasteful behavior.
Which of the following involves people avoiding moral responsibility for their misbehavior by claiming they were carrying out orders?
Displacement of responsibility
What is Authentic leadership?
is grounded in the principle found in the Greek philosophy, "to thine own self be true.
Which of the following is an organizational level of leadership in the principle-centered leadership approach?
Managerial
The term "personality" has at least two different meanings.
True (The term personality is fairly ambiguous and has at least two quite different meanings. One meaning refers to the impression a person makes on others. The second meaning of personality emphasizes the underlying, unseen structures and processes insid
Leaders higher in openness to experience tend to be practical and tactical
False (leaders lower in openness to experience are practical and tactical, whereas leaders higher in openness to experience are imaginative, broad-minded, and curious and are more strategic, big picture thinkers; they seek new experiences through travel,
Extraversion usually involves behavior that is not likely exhibited in a group setting.
False
An effective method to profile a leader is to use the OCEAN method.
True
The sensing-intuition dimension of behavioral patterns is concerned with where people get their energy.
False (The extraversion-introversion dimension is fundamentally concerned with where people get their energy. The sensing-intuition dimension is concerned with how people look at data).
I enjoy putting together detailed plans." This behavioral aspect corresponds to which OCEAN personality dimension?
Conscientiousness
A person's all-around effectiveness in activities directed by thought is called?
intelligence
Leaders and followers who possess higher levels of analytic intelligence tend to be quick learners and have the ability to make accurate deductions, assumptions, and inferences with relatively unfamiliar information.
analytic is the key word
Leaders with high levels of experience tend to misapply solutions to problems when creative solutions are called for.
high levels of experience is the key word
The OCEAN personality variable of conscientiousness s with which attribute of emotional intelligence according to Goleman?
self-control
Work facilitation behaviors are concerned with motivating subordinates to accomplish the task at hand.
False (Goal emphasis behaviors are concerned with motivating subordinates to accomplish the task at hand. Work facilitation behaviors are concerned with clarifying roles and acquiring and allocating resources).
Interaction facilitation includes behaviors where leaders act to minimize conflicts among followers.
True
When comparing Ohio State leadership behavior dimensions with the dimensions developed by the University of Michigan, initiating structure is similar to goal emphasis and work facilitation.
True
The Leadership Pipeline is a useful model for explaining what leaders should be focusing on.
True
Building social capital involves developing relationships that allow people to work together in the community.
True
In the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ), which term refers to how much a leader emphasizes meeting work goals and accomplishing tasks?
Initiating structure
On the leadership grid, which term describes a leader with high concern for people and low concern for results?
country club management
According to Hogan and Warrenfelz, which type of skill involves building teams and getting results through others?
leadership
Which of the following is NOT a component of the community leadership model?
Conceptualization (The model includes the three competencies of framing, building social capital, and mobilization).
Which statement is LEAST likely true about gender differences in the workplace?
Female managers are generally perceived as having higher advancement potential. (With respect to gender issues, research indicates that there are some slight gender differences. Female managers tend to get higher ratings on the majority of skills, yet the
Credibility has little effect on the bottom line in most organizations because talented leaders and workers are easy to find.
False
Some of the "basic" skills which every leader needs include being assertive, conducting meetings, and improving creativity.
True
Oral communication is the most personal and often the most effective way to communicate.
True
Sarcasm is a constructive form of communication, but it can convey anger in the message.
False (it's deconstructive)
Assertiveness is avoiding interpersonal conflict entirely by giving in to others
False (Acquiescence is avoiding interpersonal conflict entirely either by giving up and giving in or by expressing our needs in an apologetic, self-effacing way. Individuals exhibiting assertive behavior are able to stand up for their own rights (or their
The best way to build relationships with followers is to:
spend time listening to what they have to say.
Leaders who are promoted from another department within the company most likely fall into the fourth quadrant of the credibility matrix. (leaders in the third quadrant may be new college hires or people joining the company from an entirely different indus
key word is fourth
Which of the following should be the first step in the communication process?
Determining the purpose of the message
The evaluative component of assertiveness skills comes into play when individuals are successful in standing up for their own or their group's rights.
key world is evaluative
Which of the following term refers to an inability to see things in new ways or view problems from multiple perspectives?
Functional fixedness
traits of ideal leaders
honest, competent, forward looking, and inspiring
traits of ideal followers
honest, competent, independent, and cooperative
self-serving bias
the tendency to make external attributions (blame the situation) for one's own failures yet make internal attributions (take credit) for on'e own successes
actor/observer difference
people who are observing an action are much more likely than the actor to make the fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
occurs when out expectations or predictions play a casual role in bring about the events we predict
teacher-mentor
who cares about developing others and works beside them as a role model
father-judge
who provides oversight, control, moral guidance, and caring protectiveness
warrior-knight
who takes risks and action in a crisis
revolutionary-crusader
who challenges the status quo and guides adaptation
visionary-alchemist
who imagines possibilities that can benefit all members and brings them into reality
single loop learning
a kind of learning between an individual and the environment in which learners seek relatively little feedback that may significantly confront their fundamental ideas or action
double loop learning
involves a willingness to confront one's own views and an invitation to others to do so
5 steps of informal coaching
1) forge a partnership
2) inspire commitment
3) grow skills
4) promote persistence
5) shape the environment
coaching
the process of equipping people with the tools, knowledge, and opportunities they need to develop and become successful
informal coaching
takes place whenever a leader helps followers to change their behaviors
What is AOR?
Action, Observation, Reflection
Key role of perception in the spiral of experience
Experience is not just what events happen to you, but it depends on how you perceive those events. People shape and construct their experiences
What consists in the triarchic theory of intelligence?
analytic, practical, and creative intelligence
What is analytic intelligence?
general problem solving ability
What is practical intelligence?
street smarts
What is creative intelligence?
ability to produce novel and useful work
What are the five key components of Emotional Intelligence?
1) self- awareness
2) self-regulation
3) motivation
4) empathy
5) social skills
reward power
involves the potential to influence others due to one's control over desired resources (such as raises)
referent power
the potential influence one has due to the strength of the relationship between the leader and the followers
influence
the change in a target agent's attitudes, values, beliefs, or behaviors as the result of influence tactics
influence tactics
one person's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors
legitimate power
leader has authority because she has been assigned a particular role in an organization. It can be formal or official authority (the boss, coach, teacher)
coercive power
the ability to control others through the fear of punishment.
rational persuasion
when an agent uses logical arguments or factual evidence to influence them
inspirational appeals
when they make a request or proposal designed to arouse enthusiasm or emotions in targets
consulatation
occurs when agents ask targets to participate in planning an activity
personal appeals
when they ask another to do a favor out of friendship
coalition tactics
used when agents seek the aid or support of others to influence the target
legitimizing tactics
occur when agents make a request based on their position or authority (such as a principal and a teacher)
Theory X
people are not naturally industrious or motivated by work
Theory Y
reflects a view that most people are intrinsically motivated by their work
What are the 4 ethical dilemma's?
1) truth vs. loyalty
2) individual vs. community
3) short vs long term
4) justice vs mercy
developed by Kidder
implicit prejudice
distorts judgements when making moral decisions
diffusion of resonsibility
reprehensible behavior becomes easier to engage when others are behaving the same way
disregard or distortion of consequences
people minimize the hard caused by their behavior
Moral Potency
moral ownership, moral courage, moral efficacy
Hannah and Avolio developed concept
moral manager
decision maker who cares about people and the broader society
authentic leadership
consistency between their values, their beliefs, and their actions