Name of the primary mountain pass through the Hindu Kush Mountains.
Khyber Pass
Strict system of social stratiffication established by the Aryan invaders in India.
Castes
Highest social class in India.
Brahmins
Warrior class of India.
Kshatriyas
Farmers, artisans, and merchants.
Vaishays
Peasants, laborers, and servants.
Shudras
Outside of the Indian caste system. They were shunned by the society.
untouchables
Creator
Brahman
The soul of each human.
atman
The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. A soul is born in the body of another living being.
reincarnation
Duty" expected of a Hindu based on caste, age, gender.
Dharma
The sum of good and bad actions by an individual according to caste/ varna and Dharma.
Karma
The continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth in the Hindu faith.
Samsara
The end of samsara where an individual soul is united with Brahman.
Moksha
Desire, controlling desire.
The Four Noble Truths
Ability to control/eliminate desire.
Enlightment
Right" (proper) behavior will leadto "enlightment" by controlling desire.
The Eightfold Path
Buddhist belief: the cycle of reincarnation may end with "enlightment".
nirvana
Belief in nonviolence/ "do no harm".
The Hindu, Buddhist, and Jainism belief of "ahisma