Chapter 7-- Crisis and Absolutism in Europe 1550-1715

Huguenots

French Protestants influenced by John Calvin; seven percent of the total French population

Edict of Nantes

recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France;.. and gave the Huguenots the right to worship and to enjoy all political privileges

Peace of Westphalia

officially ended the Thirty Years' war; regonized Protestants and Calvinists

Charles I

his execution horrified much of Europe

Glorious Revolution

the invasion of England by William of Orange; which overthrew James II with almost no bloodshed.

Toleration Act of 1689

granted Puritans, but not Catholics, the right of free public worship

Cardinal Richelieu

Louis XIII's chief minister; strengthened the power of the monarchy by taking away the Huguenots' political and military rights and executing conspirators.

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

sought to increase France's wealth and power by following the ideas of mercantilism

El Greco

The Greek"-- his work reflected the high point of Mannerism

Peter the Great

introduced Western customs and ways of doing things to Russia

House of Bourbon

ruled the southern French kingdom of Navarre

Philip II

the "Most Catholic King

divine right of kings

the idea that kings receive their power from God

Puritans

Protestants in England inspired by Calvinist ideas

Independents

soldiers in the New Model Army of Oliver Cromwell

Bill of Rights

laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy in England

absolutism

system of government in which a ruler holds total power

Louis XIV

fosterd the myth of himself as the Sun King

Mannerism

marked the end of the artistic Renaissance

Miguel de Cervantes

wrote the novel of Don Quixote

Oliver Cromwell's defeat of the king's forces allowed him to...

take control of England and eventually establish a military dictatorship.

Louis XIV maintained complete authority as monarch by....

distracting the nobles and royal princes with court life, to keep them out of politics.

baroque

the style of painting that is known for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions.

Elizabethan

referring to the period of the reign of Elizabeth I of England, when William Shakespeare wrote

The Thirty Years' War involved all the major European powers except..

England

Rump Parliament

what was left after Cromwell purged teh members who did not support him

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome is and example of his work

John Locke

his ideas can be found in the American Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

witchcraft

the practice of black magic; the cause for concern in the early 17th century.

Roundheads

believed the power of government rested in Parliament.

Cardinal Mazarin

greatly influenced Louis XIV during the first 18 years of his reign

Ivan IV

the first Russian ruler to take the title of czar

czar

a Russian emperor

Don Quixote

one of the crowning examples of Spanish literature

Lope de Vega

the Spanish playwright who composed perhaps 1,500 plays

Thomas of Hobbs

believed humans were guided not by reason and moral ideals, but by a ruthless struggle for self-preservation

Prince William the Orange [or the Silient]

led the Dutch resistance