Pax Romana, Decline
After the -, the Roman Empire entered an era of -.
Trade
Romans had a large - imbalance (they brought in more than they produced)
Debt, Mercenary
As Rome grew more in -, the military became weak & began using foreign - soldiers.
Dividing
Emperor Diocletian tried to save Rome by - the empire
Constantine
Emperor - moved the Roman capital to Constantinople in the Eastern Roman Empire.
Barbarians
By 476, - conquered the Western Roman Empire.
Middle Ages
The Western Roman Empire was in decline... the - ("Dark Ages") from 500 to 1300 A.D.
Eastern, Strong
While the Western Roman Empire was in decline...the - Roman empire remained -
Byzantine Empire
The Eastern Roman Empire became known as -
Constantinople
The Byzantine capital was -
Wealthy Trade
Constantinople was a - city located between the Mediterranean & Black Seas
Romans
Citizens in the Byzantine Empire thought of themselves as - & shared some similarities with the Roman Empire.
Greco-Roman
The Byzantine Empire kept alive - culture.
Learning, Medicine, Geometry
Constantinople was a center for - where schools taught philosophy, -, Greek and Latin grammar, -
Arches, Domes
Constantinople used Roman-style architecture such as - & -
Forums, Arenas
Byzantine cities had - for trade & - to entertain citizens.
Architectural, Hagia Sophia
One of the most impressive - buildings in the Byzantine Empire was a christian cathedral called the -.
Emperors
Both the Roman & Byzantine Empires were ruled by - who had absolute power over the e,pire
Justinian
- was the most famous Byzantine Emperor
Rome, Power, Reconquering
About 50 years after the fall of -, Byzantine emperor Justinian came to - & began - Roman territories.
Law Code
To oversee his new empire, Justinian ordered legal experts to consolidate old Roman laws into a single -
Justinian Code, Justice
The - served as the legal basis for criminal -, marriage, property, slavery, & women's rights.
Law Code, 900
The - became one of the most important legacies of the Byzantine Empire & served as the basis for laws for the next - years.
Expanding, Laws
In addition to - the empire & creating a uniform set of -, emperor Justinian also began large building projects.
Church
He ordered the construction of the Hagia Sophia to show the importance of the -.
Aqueducts, Schools
He built hospitals, -, public baths, -, & courts
Theodora
Justinian's wife - had a lot of power & influence in the Byzantine empire
Foreign Leaders
She met & wrote to -.
Advised
She - Justinian & helped him pass laws.
Building
She encouraged - of Christian Cathedrals.
Distance, Christianity
Because of the - & lack of contact between Byzantine Empire & Western Europe, - developed differently.
Jesus
All Christians based their faith on - & the Bible
Faith
But they had different practices to show their -
Bishops
Archbishops & - oversaw regions where Christianity was practiced.
Priests
- led individual churches.
the Leadership
But, Christians in the East&West disagreed over - of the church.
Pope, All
Believed that there should be a - , to oversee bishops & give authority to - Christians.
Accepted, Pope
Christians in Western Europe - the authority of the -.
Emperor
Believed that the Byzantine - had authority over issues involving Christianity and had final authority
Did not accept, Pope
Christians in the byzantine Empire, - the authority of the -.
Icons
One of the biggest controversies among Christians was the use of -
Icons, Images
- were religious - to help Christians in their prayers & worships.
Idol Worship
Some Christians thought this was "-".
Banned
In 730, the Byzantine Emperor - icons & many Christians rioted.
Destruction
Emperor Leo III ordered the - of icons in the Byzantine Empire.
Iconclasts
Riots broke out between people who wanted icons & - (those who wanted to ban icons).
Supported, Heretic
The Pope in Western Europe - the use of icons & called the Byzantine Emperor a - (a believer of false ideas)
Excommunicated
The Pope - the emperor (kicked him out of the church)
Great Schism
These disagreements led to deep divisions among Christians & the - (split) occured in 1054
Roman Catholic
Christians in Western Europe became the - Church.
Eastern Orthodox
Christians in Eastern Europe became the - Church.
Practice
Roman Catholics & Eastern Orthodox Christians - their religions differently.