Chapter 18 - World War II: Americans at War

Selective Service Training and Service Act

1940 law requiring all males aged 21 to 36 to register for military service

GI

Term used for American soldiers in WWII, derived from the term "Government Issue.

Office of War Mobilization

Federal agency formed to coordinate issues related to war production during World War II

Liberty ship

A type of large, sturdy merchant ship built in World War II

victory garden

A home vegetable garden created to boost food production during World War II.

Atlantic Charter

Agreement , Agreement signed by President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1941 outlining the two nations' war aims

carpet bombing

Method of aerial bombing in which large numbers of bombs are dropped over a wide area

D-Day

Code name for the Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944.

Battle of the Bulge

World War II battle in which German forces launched a final counterattack in the west

anti-Semitism

Hostility or discrimination toward Jews

Holocaust

Nazi Germany's systematic attempt to murder all European Jews

concentration camp

A place where political prisoners are confined, usually under harsh conditions

Kristallnacht

The name given to the night of violence on November 9, 1938, when Nazi storm troopers looted and destroyed Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues and arrested thousands of Jews in Germany and Austria

Warsaw ghetto

An area of Warsaw sealed off by the Nazis to confine the Jewish population, forcing them into poor, unsanitary conditions.

Wannsee Conference

1942 conference in Germany concerning the plan to murder European Jews

genocide

Organized killing of an entire people.

death camp

In WW2, a German camp created solely for the purpose of mass murder.

War Refugee Board (WRB)

Federal agency created in 1944 to try to help people threatened with murder by the Nazis

Nuremberg Trials

Series of trials in 1945 conducted by an International Military Tribunal in which former Nazi leaders were charged with crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.

Bataan Death March

Brutal march of American and Filipino prisoners by Japanese soldiers in 1942

Geneva Convention

A set of international standards of conduct for treating prisoners of war, established in 1929

Battle of the Coral Sea

1942 World War II battle between American and Japanese aircraft

Battle of Midway

1942 World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific

Battle of Guadalcanal

1942-1943 World War II battle between the United States and Japan

island-hopping

A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others

Battle of Leyte Gulf

1944 World War II naval battle between the United States and Japan. Largest naval engagement in history. Japanese navy was defeated.

kamikaze

In WWII, a Japanese suicide plane.

Battle of Iwo Jima

1945 World War II battle between the United States and Japan

Battle of Okinawa

1945 World War II battle between the United States and Japan

Manhattan Project

Secret American program during WWII to develop an atomic bomb

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Organization founded by pacifists in 1942 to promote racial equality through peaceful means.

bracero

A term used in 1942 to describe a Mexican farm laborer brought to the United States

barrio

A Spanish-speaking neighborhood

interned

Confined

Nisei

A Japanese American whose parents were born in Japan