How did the Fertile Crescent get its name?
It is called the Fertile Cresent because it is a crescent-shaped arc of rich fertile farmland.
What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile?
The yearly floods of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers which brought silt to the land and made it ideal for farming.
Why did Mesopotamians build canals?
To control the river's flow
Why did city-states fight each other for farmland?
Each city-state wanted to have enough farmland to grow food.
What did Sargon's empire have in common with other Mesopotamian city-states?
It fought with surrounding city-states
Who served as a link between the Sumerians & the gods?
Priests
What is cuneiform?
A form of writing using wedge-shaped symbols
What is a ziggurat?
A ziggurat is a temple, built by the Sumerians
Why were ziggurats so tall?
To honor their gods
What technology did Hittites & Assyrians use in battle?
Iron weapons & chariots
What was the relationship between trade & the spread of the Phoenician alphabet?
The Phoenician alphabet spread along their trade routes.
The resource for which Phoenicia was well known
Cedar wood
Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar both built up _____.
Babylon
What factor may have limited the growth of Sargon's empire?
The Syrian Desert did not have enough good farmland.
The army of SARGON defeated _____?
all city-states of Sumer and conquered Northern Mesopotamia
King GILGAMESH became _____
legendary figure in Sumerian literature.
Sumerian city centers were dominated by _____.
temples.
Sharp REEDS were used by _____ to _____.
Sharp reeds.
The city-state of Ur rose to power when?
It rose to power after the death of Sargon.
True or False:
Hunter-gatherer groups first settled in Mesopotamia more than 20,000 years ago
False --- funny face
True or False:
The amount of land controlled by each city-state depended on its population.
False
True or False:
Sumerian women could be important religious leaders
True
True or False:
Sumerians developed a math system based on the number one hundred.
False
True or False:
Babylon was located near present day Baghdad, Iraq
True
Rural
Countryside
Where was Mesopotamia?
Eastern end of Fertile Cresent between the Tigris and Euphrates
Mesopotamian farmers built ______ to irrigate their fields.
canals
While city dwellers were urban, farmers lived in _____ areas.
rural
The people of Sumer practiced _____, the worship of many gods.
polytheism
Instead of using pictographs, Sumerians developed a type of writing called ______.
Cuneiform
Horse-drawn _____ gave the Hittites an advantage during battle.
chariots
The Babylonian king _____ is famous for his code of laws.
Hammurabi
Another word for effect is _____.
impact
Sumerian society was organized in ______-_____, which consisted of a city and the surrounding lands.
city-states
Describe where Mesopotamia was and what does the name mean.
Mesopotamia was located in the Fertile Crescent between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The word Mesopotamia means between two rivers.
How did Mesopotamian irrigation systems allow civilization to develop?
Because irrigation made farmers more productive, fewer people needed to farm; some people were free to do other jobs. Civilization progressed from small settlements to city-states to empires.
Who built the world's first empire, and what did that empire include?
Sargon built the world's first empire. It included the Mesopotamia and Sumer along with the world's first permanent army.
Politically, how was early Sumerian society organized? How did that organization affect society?
Sumer was organized into city-states consisting of a city and all the countryside around it. Due to conflicts over farmland, the city-states built up strong armies.
Why did the Sumerians consider it everyone's responsibility to keep the gods happy?
The Sumerians believed that their gods had enormous powers and their success in all areas of life depended on pleasing the gods.
What was the Sumerian writing system called and why was it so important?
Sumerians developed cuneiform, the worlds first system of writing which included syllables that could be joined together to not only represent an object but to express ideas (like joy or happiness).
What were two important developments of the Phoenicians?
They developed trade networks/routes and an alphabet.
Which letter on the map indicates the region known as Mesopotamia?
WHAT GAVE the HITTITES AN ADVANTAGE DURING BATTLES?
Horse-drawn chariots and strong weapons of iron
WHO IS THE BABYLONIAN KING THAT IS FAMOUS FOR HIS CODES OF LAW?
King Hammurabi ----funny face
How was the Sumerian society organized?
Sumerian society was organized in city-states, which consisted of a city and surrounding lands.
WHAT are two WAYS THAT SUMERIAN SOCIETY IS SIMILAR TO OUR SOCIETY?
Government, Farming, and medicine
WHAT are two WAYS THAT SUMERIAN SOCIETY IS DIFFERENT TO OUR SOCIETY?
1. We typically don't believe the gods will give us a good crop or have enormous powers.
2. No ziggurats
All of the following ancient civilizations developed in Mesopotamia except:
A. Accadians,
B. Babylonians,
C. Egyptians, or
D. Sumerians
C., Egyptians
In Sumerian society, people's rank depended on their wealth and their
A. appearance,
B. religion,
C. location, or
D. occupation
D. Occupation
Hammurabi's Code is important in world history because it was an early
A. form of writing,
B. Written list of laws that controlled people's daily life and behavior,
C. Record-keeping System, or
D. Set of symbols
B., written list of laws that controlled people's daily life and behavior.
What was the Phoenicians most important contribution to civilization?
their alphabet
In this chapter, you learned about agriculture in Mesopotamia. During what period of prehistory was agriculture first practiced?
Neolithic Era
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