hoplites
ordinary citizens in the army.
Pericles
(495 B.C.-429 B.C.) Athenian statesman. He was the central ruler of Athens during its golden age, which was the age of great creativity and learning in Athens. He was the central patron behind many of their achievements. He was also a very skilled speaker
strait
A narrow body of water with land on both sides
Athens
Greek city-state that lies north east of Sparta. Their society focused on government and education.
tyrant
a person that rules with total authority.
Parthenon
Structure built to honor the Greek goddess Athena for the victory against Persia in the Persian War.
peninsula
a body of land with water on three sides
Cyrus the Great
King of Persia that liberated the Jews from captivity and brought an end to the Babylonian Empire built by the Chaldean's.
satraps
Persian states
Spartans
Greek city-state that was founded by the Dorian's on the Peloponnesian peninsula. They were a society that focused on military service and sports.
polis
a Greek city-state. Was like a tiny, independent country.
agora
open area used for a meeting place and a market.
Dorian's
settled on the Peloponnesian peninsula and introduced iron weapons to the Greeks.
philosophers
thinkers who ponder questions about life. They believe the human mind could understand everything.
oligarchy
government system of Sparta. It is where a few people share power.
democracy
government system of Athens. It is when all citizens share in running the government.
List the age and duty of the Spartan male.
(7)- left home and began their education experience in military training and basic education.
(20)- entered the army and lived in barracks.
(30)- stayed in military and was able to live at home with the family.
(60)- retired from military service and ran
Peistratus
Tyrant that gave land back to landless farmers.
Xerxes purpose for attacking Greece.
Revenge for his father Darius, to gain wealth, and to win glory.
What did the Athenian soldier promise in his oath?
To protect the constitution
Greek Dark Ages
Period of time from 1100 B.C. Where trade was slow, poverty, people did not teach others to write or do craftwork.
Delian League
An alliance of Greek city-states not including Sparta, joined together to protect the Greeks from the Persians
Where did the Mycenaean's move to Greece from and what skill did they learn from the Minoans?
They arrived in Greece from Central Asia and how to build better ships and navigate the seas by using the sun and the stars.
What were the results of the Greek Dark age?
Overseas trade slowed and poverty took over. Farmers grew only what they needed to meet their own needs, and people stopped teaching others how to write and do craft work. The Greeks also forgot their written language and how to make things.
What were the occupations of the Early Greeks?
The early Greeks were fishermen, traders and merchants, herders of sheep and goats, and a small percent were farmers.
What did the Spartans do to expand their land?
They conquered neighboring city-states.
Direct Democracy
A system of government where all citizens meet to debate government matters and vote first-hand
Representative Democracy
A system of government in which citizens elect representatives, or leaders, to make decisions about the laws for all the people.
Herodotus
Father of History". He went beyond listing names of rulers or retelling ancient legends. Before writing The Persian Wars, Herodotus visited many lands, collecting information from people who remembered the events he chronicled. He stressed the importance
What group did the Greeks base their alphabet?
Phoenicians
Archimedes
(287-212 B.C.) Greek mathematician and inventor. He wrote works on plane and solid geometry, arithmetic, and mechanics. He is best known for the lever and pulley. He was famous for saying "Give me a lever and a place to stand, and I will move the earth".
Plato
427-347 BC; Socrates' most famous student; described the ideal form of government in his famous book, "The Republic", in which he wrote that philosopher-kings should lead governments and not the people.
Phillip II (Phillip of Macedonia)
He was the Macedonian king that united all of Greece. He united Greece by using force, bribing leaders, and by some city-states volunteering to join. His goal was to unify Greece to conquer the Persian Empire. He did not conquer Persia because of his deat
Alexander the Great
(356-323 B.C.) Son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; goal was to conquer the known world, King of Macedonia 336-323: conqueror of Greek city-states and of the Persian empire from Asia
Homer
Ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (850 BC) which was stories about the Trojan War.
Greek drama
Greatest theater of all time. There were two types of Greek dramas, a Tragedy and Comedy. They are a blend of myth, legend, philosophy, poetry, dance, music., Intended for more than entertainment. was supported by the state because it aided the education
Chaeronea
Greek Polis's vs Macedonia. Macedonia wins because of the bigger and better infantry, and with Philip being the better general., In this battle in 338, Phillip solidifies his control over all of Greece.
Aristarchus
Alexandrian (Greek) astronomer who believed that the sun was the center of the universe, and the planets revolve around it
Alexandria
City on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of Ptolemy. It contained the famous Library that attracted scholars from all over the world, and the Museum.It was also a center for leading sc
Socrates
Philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method. He was later sentenced to death for "polluting" the minds of the Greek youth.
Hellenistic Era
Alexander the Great created an age that saw the expansion of the Greek language and Greek ideas to the non-Greek world. Creation of Alexandria in Egypt, achievments in the sciences, Greek art and architecture, and Greek literature and philosophy. It also
Thucydides
First neutral historian. Ostracized, went to Sparta. Wrote detailed record of Peloponnesian War. Was considered to be the greatest historian of the ancient world
Peloponnesian War
(431-404 BC) The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won, but left Greece as a whole weak and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north, Macedonia.
Demosthenes
Athenian orator who tried to warnthe Greeks of the threat Philip and his army posed. He tried to talk the Greeks to join together to defend against the Macedonians, but his effort failed.