Egypt was ruled by all-powerful what?
Pharaohs
Egyptian dynasties were divided into
Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom
During the Old Kingdom did Egypt grow and prosper?
yes
An Egyptian king is known as a
Pharaoh
What does Pharaoh mean?
great house
Who did the Pharaohs appoint to carry out their wishes?
officials
What did the officials oversee?
irrigation canals and grain storehoused were built and repaired. Also that crops were planted as the Pharaoh directed.
Why did the Pharaohs hold so much power?
the Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was the son of Re, the Egyptian sun god.
What was Re?
the Egyptian sun god.
Who was thought to be the sun of Re?
the pharaoh
What was Egypts capital city?
Memphis
Why was pharaoh, named after "the great house"?
the pharaoh's family lived in grand palaces
Did the Egyptians think the paraoh was god on earth?
yes
What did the Egyptians believe in?
man gods and goddesses and in life after death for the pharaohs
What does deities mean?
gods and goddesses
Who was the main Egyptian god?
Re, the sun god
What god rules the Nile River?
Hapi
Who was the most important goddesses?
Isis
What did the goddesses Isis represent?
loyal wife and mother, and she ruled over the dead with her husband Osiris?
Who is Isis's husband?
Osiris, who helped rule over the dead
What were the differences between the Mesopotamian view of life after death and the Egyptian view of life after death?
Mesopotamian believed a gloomy life after death. The Egyptians believed that the next world would be even better than life on earth
What was one of the most important manuscripts written in ancient Egypt?
Book of the Dead
What was the Book of the Dead about?
collection of spells and prayers to study to obtain life after death
Who would greet the dead at the entrance of the new world?
the god Osiris
When would Osiris grant someone life after death?
if they led good lives and knew the magic spells
Who did the Egyptians believe could enjoy the life after death?
pharaohs and an elite few
Did the pharaoh's spirit need a body to make the journey to the afterlife?
yes
Why did the Egyptians embalm the pharaohs body?
If the pharaoh's body decayed after death, his spirit would wonder forever
Why was it vital that the pharaoh's spirit reach the next world?
so the pharaoh would continue to care for Egypt
What process was developed to protect the pharaoh's body?
embalming
What did the priests do first in the embalming process?
remove the body's organs
After the body organs were removed what happended next in the embalming process?
salt was applied to body to driy then the body was filled with spices and perfumes then stitched closed
After the organs were removed, the body salted to dry out and filled with spices and perfumes what did they do next in embalming?
cleaned with oils and tightly wrapped with long strips of linen
The wrapped body in embalming was known as
mummy.
What is a mummy?
a body wrapped with long strips of linen
What did the Egptians learn from the embalming bodies?
they learned much about the human body. They used herbs and drugs to treat many different illnesses and grew skilled at sewing up cuts and setting broken bones
Who wrote the world's first medical books?
Egyptians on scrolls of papyrus
Why did the Egyptians of the Old Kingdom build huge stone pyramids?
tombs for their pharaohs
Pyramids were built entirely of
stone
What did the tombs do for the pharaohs?
protected the bodies from floods, wild animals, and grave robbers.
What else did the pyramids contain?
supplies that the pharaoh might need in the spirit world.
What were the supplies that the pharaoh might need in the spirit world?
clothing, furniture, jewelry, and food
Who mostly worked on the pyramids?
farmers
What time of the year was most of the pyramids built?
during the Nile floods, so the farmers would be available to work
Who else would work on the pyramds?
surveyors, carpenters, and stonecutters
Each pyramid sat on a
square base
Which direction was the enterance faced?
north
How did the Egyptians know true north?
by studying the heavens and learned astronomy
What knowledge did the Egyptian develop from the study of the Heavens ans astronomy?
a 365 calendar with 12 months grouped into 3 seasons
Who developed our modern calenda?
the Egyptians
What math advances did the Egyptians develop to determine the amount of stone and angles necessary for the walls of the pyramids?
a system of written numbers based on 10
Who invented fractions?
the Egyptians
What did the artisans use to cut the stone into huge blocks?
copper tools
How did the Egyptians carry the huge stone blocks to the Nile?
huge stone blocks were on wooden sleds and pulled over a path of "paved" logs
How did the Egyptians transport the huge pyramid stones on the Nile?
barges
What is the name of the largest pyramid built called?
the Great Pyramid
Where is the Great Pyramid located?
10 miles from the modern city of Cairo
The Great Pyramid was built for what pharaoh?
King Khufu
What is the name of the ancient city where the Great Pyramid was built?
Giza, located on the west bank of the Nile
Is Giza located on the east or west bank of the Nile?
west
How high is the Great Pyramid?
500 feet high
The Old Kingdom lasted from
2600 B.C. to 2300 B.C.
Who guided every activity in Egypt?
the pharaoh
What did deities control?
every human activity and natural force
Did Egyptians believe in life after death?
yes
The pyramids contained items that
the pharaoh might need in the afterlife
What two things did the Egyptians need to use in building the pyramids?
astronomy, and mathematics
While studying the skies to creat pyramids Egyptians created the
365 days in a year that became the basis of our calendar today.
What country is Egypt located in?
Africa