Vasco da Gama
Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.(sailed around Africa to India).Portuguese Navigator Who Sailed Around The Cape Of Good Hope And Reached The West C
John Cabot
English explorer who claimed Newfoundland for England while looking for Northwest Passage;, 5 years after Spain, he sailed to the Northeast coast of North America in search of a Northwest passaged through the New World to the Orient (China, Japan...) (149
Prince Henry the Navigator
(1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire.First European royal to heavily promote discovery and exploration. Motivated by mer
Bartholomew Dias
Dias was an early Portuguese explorer who traveled down the coast of Africa in search of a water route to Asia. He managed to round the southern tip of Africa in 1488, now the Cape of Good Hope.He found a way to bypass the Turks in Constantinople in order
Amerigo Vespucci
A mapmaker and explorer who said that America was a new continent, so America was named after him., 1454-1512 AD Italian explorer and navigator who, upon exploring the American mainland and the South American coast, concluded that Columbus' discovery was
Christopher Columbus
An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the "New World." The
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Spanish explorer who became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean in 1510 while exploring Panama., (1475 - 1519) traveled to New World, settled on Hispaniola; first permanent settlement in Americas
Ferdinand Magellan
(1480?-1521) Portuguese-born navigator. Hired by Spain to sail to the Indies in 1519. (The same year HRE Charles V became empreor.) Magellan was killed in the Philippines (1521). One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circ
Conquisadores
Spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and conqured land for spain
Hernan Cortes
1485-1547, Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico.1519 he led soldiers to Tenochtitlan, placed it under siege with help of natives, defeated Aztec empire and began Spanish empire in Mesoamerica., A conquistador who in 1519 led s
Francisco Pizarro
A conquistador like Cortes, who conquered the Incas in Peru and help to begin more advances in South America. Besides miners, farmers, priests, friars and missionaries went to South America after it was conquered by the conquistadores., A Spanish conquist
Commercial Revolution
A dramatic change in the economy of Europe at the end of the Middle Ages. It is characterized by an increase in towns and trade, the use of banks and credit, and the establishment of guilds to regulate quality and price. the expansion of the trade and bui
Bourgeoisie
In early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions.Middle Class.
Antwerp
One of Europe's busiest ports is on the Schelde River in Belgium. Name this city., Each day, as many as five-thousand merchants gathered in this northern Dutch city to trade goods.
Agricultural Revolution
A time when new inventions such as the seed drill and the steel plow made farming easier and faster. The production of food rose dramatically., 17th and 18th centuries. peasants and artisans had about the same standard of living as in the Middle Ages. Agr
Hanseatic League
A group of merchant towns designed to achieve security and trust for trading.a commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas.
Joint-Stock companies
Association of individuals in a business enterprise with transferable shares of stock, much like a corporation except that stockholders are liable for the debts of the business., An economic arrangement by which a number of investors pool their capital fo
bourse
European stock exchange, i.e. group of people organized to provide an auction market among themselves for the buying and selling of securities in good. In the mid-16th century, the bourse at Antwerp was the largest in Europe
Mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought. government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests., According to thi
Price Revolution
increase in prices in 16th century-inflation-increased demand for goods-influx of gold and silver., Inflation of prices in the 15th and 16th centuries, caused by monetary debasement and the influx of bullion from the new world., A dramatic rise in prices
God,Glory, Gold
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Treaty of Tordesillas
A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal., 1494 dividedthe A
Golden age of spain
1500 - 1600. Newfound wealth from American explorations bring in high point of Spanish military might, art and culture., Resembeled more the "new imperialism" of the late 19th early 20th century by outright conquering entire regions and subjugating their
Ecomienda System
a kind of feudalism granting Spanish colonists control of conquered lands and obliging the Indians to provide forced labor and a fixed portion of their harvests., System by which the natives were essentially enslaved, and recieved food from the spanish in
Mestizos
A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory
Creoles
American-born Spaniards who owned land, but ranked below "real" Europeans.
Old Imperialism
characterized by establishing posts and forts on coastal regions but not penetrating inland to conquer entire regions or subjugate their populations., A European policy of conquest that occurs in the 15th through 18th centuries in Africa, India, the Ameri
Dutch east India company
A company founded by the Dutch in the early 17th century to establish and direct trade throughout Asia. Richer and more powerful than England's company, they drove out the English and Established dominance over the region. It ended up going bankrupt and b
Atlantic System
The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin., The triangular pattern of trade that bound together western Europe, Africa, and the America's. Europeans bought slaves in Africa, sold
Colombian Exchange
Biological and ecological exchange that occurred after European arrival in the New World; peoples of Europe and Africa came to the Americas; animals, plants, and diseases moved between the Old and New Worlds., the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases
Slave trade
European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe., The business of capturing, transporting, and selling people as slaves.Africans captured other Africans
Triangular Trade
A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa., A trade between America, the West Indies, and Africa, which some colonists took advantage of after
Middle Passage
A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies, the route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade.
Smallpox
A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, weakness, and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs; responsible for killing Native Americans., A deadly disease that was introduced to the Indaians by the Europeans.
syphilis
A highly contagious sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum
potato
New World crop that increased the food supply; it may have accounted for the population explosion., A sturdy, planted food that grew massive quantities in small areas.
India
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asia
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