Maurya Dynasty
Location Capital--Ganges Valley, Pataliputia
Government--Well organized, bureaucracy
Emperors--Chandragupta, Asoka
Cause of Decline--Foreign invaders
Kindoms of the Deccan
Location: Deccan Plain
People:Dravidians
Tamil Kingdoms: Trade was very important
Religion: Hindu, Buddhism, some others
Gupta Dynasty
Location/Capital Northern India
Government strong central government, supports peace and prosperity, feudalistic
Trade and Farming--flourished, wheat, rice, sugar cane
Arts and Learning--students educated in religious schools, Gupta mathematicians devised
Chandragupta Maurya
founder of the Maurya Empire. first gained power in the Ganges Valley, conquered northern India and added the Deccan. 321-185 bc
Asoka
became emperor in 268 bc, a conquering king, converted to Buddhism, sent missionaries
Faxian
Chinese Buddhist Monk who visited India in 400 bc and reported on Gupta rule
Kalidasa
Greatest Gupta poet and play writer, most famous play was Shakuntala--tells the story of a king who marries the lovely orphan Shakuntala
Founder of the first great Indian empire
Asoka
Ajanta
Chandragupta Maurya
Kalidasa
stupa
Chandragupta Maurya...
Emperor who ruled by moral example
Asoka
Ajanta
Chandragupta Maurya
Kalidasa
stupa
Asoka
Dome-shaped Buddhist shrine
Asoka
Ajanta
Chandragupta Maurya
Kalidasa
stupa
stupa
Site of richly decorated cave temples
Asoka
Ajanta
Chandragupta Maurya
Kalidasa
stupa
Ajanta
Playright who wrote Shakuntala
Asoka
Ajanta
Chandragupta Maurya
Kalidasa
stupa
Kalidasa
How did Asoka's changes in governing policy affect the Maurya empire?
The changes brought peace and helped to unite his empire
In which area did women enjoy high status?
Maurya empire
Sri Lanka
Gupta empire
Tamil kingdoms
Tamil kingdoms
In general, how did Deccan rulers react to new religions emerging from the north?
They were basically tolerant of new religions
They moved quickly to stop new beliefs from mixing with their own
They ordered their people to adopt the new religions
There wa
They were basically tolerant of new religions
Untouchables
people forced to perform impure jobs
The lowest rank was the "untouchables" who did the impure jobs. They had to live apart from everyone.
Joint family
household where relations all live together in a common dwelling
patriarchal
system where the eldest man is the head of the household
sati
virtuous woman who joined her husband on his funeral pyre
Complex rules were developed within the caste system to
a. bring equality to all people
b. make everyday life more orderly
c. help rulers keep people under control
d. ensure spiritual purity
ensure spiritual purity
The caste system gave people
a. reason to fight each other
b. a sense of identity
c. an opportunity to develop skills
d. a chance to different jobs
a sense of identity
In a patriarchal household
a. family property belonged only to men
b. the eldest man made family decisions completely on his own
c. the eldest male was held in esteem for his wisdom and experience
d. relatives always shared the same house.
the eldest male was held in esteem for his wisdom and experience
By late Gupta times, upper-class women were
a. in control of the government
b. able to move freely in society
c. encouraged to remarry
d. often restricted to the home.
often restricted to the home
A typical Indian village included a cluster of homes and
a. fields where farmers grew wheat, rice, or cotton
b. a stupa that housed the remains of holy people
c. a royal palace for the emperor
d. was surrounded by a high stone wall
fields where farmers grew wheat, rice, or cotton
Village decisions were made by
a. popular vote
b. the village headsman and council
c. outside rulers
d. priests and scribes
the village headsman and council
Caste System
People were different beings depending on their caste.
There were 100s of castes
To ensure purity, a web of complex rules governed every aspect of life.
Higher caste people had stricter rules than lower caste people in order to protect them from spiritual
Family Life
Family trained children in traditions and duties of their caste. (daughters learned to serve and obey her husband) (sons learned to honor ancestors)
Ideal family was the joint family--all relatives share common dwelling
family was patriarchal--father or o
Village Life
the heart of life.
cluster of homes made of earth or stone
fields of wheat, rice, cotton, sugar cane, or other crops
Each village had people of all castes to perform the tasks needed for daily life
self-sufficient--produced most of goods and foods they ne
Confucianism
Confucius
he attracted many students of his beliefs
he wanted to be an adviser to a local ruler
His students collected his sayings in the Analects
he believed in Five Relationships and that people should know their place in society--harmony exists when pe
Five Relationships
Father to son
elder brother to younger brother
husband to wife
ruler to subject
friend to friend
Hanfeizi
He believed that the "nature of man is evil"
His teachings were called Legalism
The only way to achieve order to have strict laws and punish harshly
Only the ruler possessed power
The laws were so cruel that later generations despised Legalism
started Gre
Laozi
Laozi founded Daoism
known as "Old Master"
hamony with nature
Laozi focused on "the Dao" which was known as "the way"
Those who know the Dao do not speak of it, those who speak of it, do not know it.
Rejected conflict and strife of all kinds
yield like wa
How did the Silk Road benefit the Chinese economy?
Increased the number of foreign merchants present in China under the Han Dynasty
Buddhism spread from India to China
Traded in silk--new foods, slaves
over 4,000 miles
Advances in the Han civilization in science and technology
texts on chemistry, zoology, biology, studied stars and planets
advance calendar
eclipse Wang Chong
paper from wood pulp--Cai Lun
shipbuilding--rudder for steering
bronze, iron stirrups
fishing reels, wheelbarrows, suspension bridges
Analects
a collection of Confucius teachings put into one book
filial piety
respect for parents, it was above all duties
the way
Dao, to reject conflict and strife, to have peace with nature
What was government rule like under the Gupta dynasty?
Much power was left in the hands of individual villages and cities (FEUDALISM)
What impact did Gupta mathematicians have on civilization?
They developed the Arabic number system and the concept of zero.
Ban Zhao
wrote Lessons for Women
Great Wall
was built under the direction of Shi Huangdi
monopoly
Wudi organized a government MONOPOLY of iron and salt production
Silk Road
The SILK ROAD was a trade route that linked China and the west
WUDI
was known as the WARRIOR EMPEROR
What policies did Shi Huangdi embrace to build a strong government?
LEGALIST
Which of the following measures did SHI HUANDGI use to impose unity?
He sent inspectors to spy on local officials
Which of the following did Emperor WUDI not do to improve economic growth?
He improved roads and canals
he set up government monopolies
He established granaries
he made cart axles the same width
he made cart axles the same width
The Way of Virtue
collected writings of Laozi, or the OLD MASTER
The Analects
collected sayings by Confucius
Daoism
Philosophy that taught living in harmony with nature
filial piety
Respect for one's parents
Legalism
Philosophy based on Hanfeizi's teachings
Confucian ideas dealt mainly with
how to ensure social order
Confucius believed the best ruler was
a virtuous man who led by example
According to Legalism, the way to achieve order was to
pass strict laws and enforce them with harsh punishments
Daoists believed that the best government was one that
governed the least
Mahayana Buddhism spread throughout China because
it offered the chance for anyone to achieve salvation
atman
a person's essential self
Jainism
grew out of the principle of ahimsa
karma
People with good KARMA are reborn at a higher level
nirvana
in order to reach NIRVANA Buddhists must commit to following the Eightfold Path
reincarnation
the rebirth of the soul
According to Hinduism, what is the ultimate goal of existence?
to achieve union with brahman
Why do Hindus believe it is important to follow the path of nonviolence?
all people and things are aspects of brahman and should be respected
According to the Buddha, how do you overcome the desire for things like riches?
by following the Eightfold Path
In addition to gaining union with the oneness of the universe, what do you achieve by reaching nirvana?
release from the cycle of rebirth
What sect of Buddhism is easier for ordinary people to follow
Mahayana
dharma
the religious and moral duties of an individual
ahimsa
practice of nonviolence
Founder of Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama
Founder of Hinduism
no single founder
Yin
feminine
yang
masculine
Hinduism
based on ancient beliefs
India--majority
Braham is the creator of the earth
Braham, Vishnu, Shiva are the trinity
They have human and animal gods
Caste System
no violence