Constitutional Monarchy
This began when Charles II took the throne
Charles I
This king of England lost the English Civil War
Charles I
This king of England was tried and then put to death
James II
This Catholic king of England was replaced by William and Mary
Absolute Monarchy
Parliament's financial power was an obstacle to this type of government
Oliver Cromwell
This Puritan leader ruled England after the end of the English Civil War. He also abolished the monarchy and ruled as a military dictator.
Bill of Rights
This document made clear the limits on royal power after the Glorious Revolution
William
This king of England came to power as a result of the Glorious Revolution
James I
This king of Scotland inherited Elizabeth I's throne as well as her conflicts with Parliament
Habeas Corpus
This prevented monarchs from jailing people for purely political reasons and from indefinitely holding prisoners without trial
Cabinet System
This was adopted to prevent disagreements between the monarchy and Parliament from bringing government to a standstill
Ivan the Terrible
The first Russian ruler to adopt the title czar, meaning "caesar
Nobles
Whom Ivan the Terrible's cruelty was aimed mainly at
Landowning nobles
In Russia, boyars were this
Learn about Western customs and technology
Peter the Great's reason for visiting the West was to what?
Serfs
At the time that Peter the Great took the throne, the most essential part of the Russian economy was what?
Water routes to Europe
The site for St. Petersburg was chosen because it was near what?
Absolute Rule
Concept that the belief in "divine right" was used to support
Thirty Years' War
War sparked by religious conflict and resulted in the increased power of France, the weakening of Spain and Austria, and the devastation of Germany
Maria Theresa
Inherited the Austrian throne only after Charles VI had the other European powers sign an agreement declaring they would recognize her
William and Mary
Who did the Glorious Revolution bring to England's throne?
Constitutional monarchy
By the end of the 1600s, what system of government did England have?
Boyars
During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, which group of people suffered the greatest loss of power?
Phillip II
Which king of Spain defended Roman Catholicism and helped stimulate the arts?
Religious differences
What was the main cause of the eight civil wars that were fought in France between 1562 and 1598?
Louis XIV
Which king of France was the most powerful ruler and boasted "I am the state
He wanted a city on a seaport that would make it easier to travel to the west
Why did Peter the Great build the city of St. Petersburg?
They suffered reliegious and territorial conflicts that caused warfare and revolts
Why did European monarchs become absolute rulers?
a Republic
After the northern Dutch gained their freedom from Spain, what type of government did the United Provinces of the Netherlands establish?
Edict of Nantes
What was issued to bring an end to violent religious conflicts in France?
To show the power of Louis XIV and arouse the envy of the other monarchs
What political purpose did the spendid palace at Versailles serve?
The monarchy, as an institution
What did the Restoration "restore" to power in England?
Thirty Years' War
Which war resulted in the beginning of the modern state system in Europe?
A father to his people
What did Frederick the Great believe a ruler should be?
Westernize Russia
What was Peter the Great the first Russian ruler to make an effort to do?
the English Civil War, the Restoration, the Glorious Revolution
What is the chronological order of events in English history?
Serfs in central Europe did not move to cities and become the middle class
How did the economy of central Europe differ from that of western Europe?