Clovis
established a kingdom that was one of many Germanic kingdoms that replaced the unifying force of the Roman empire in Western Europe
medieval
referring to the Middle Ages in Eurioe or the period of history between ancient and modern times.
Franks
a Germanic tribe that conquered present-day France and neighboring lands in the 400s
Charles Martel
he rallied Frankish warriors when Muslim armies attacked.
battle of Tours
battle in 732 in which the Christian Franks led by Charles Martel defeated Muslim armies and stopped the Muslim advance into Europe
Charlemagne
Charles the Great; grandson of Charles Martel that became king of the Franks
Magyars
an ethinic group centered in present-day Hungary
Vikings
Scandinavian peoples whose sailors raided Europe from the 700s through the 1100s
feudalism
loosely organized system of governmnt in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord
vassal
in medieval Europe, a lord who was granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord
feudal contract
exchange of pledges between lords and vassals
fief
on medieval Europe, an estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty
knight
a European noble who served as a mounted warrior
tournament
a mock battle in which knights would compete against one another to display their fighting skills
chivalry
code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages
troubadour
a wandering poet or singer of medieval Europe
manor
during the Middle Ages in Europe, a lord's estate which included one or more villages and the surrounding lands
serf
in medieval Europe, a peasant bound to the lord's land