Leauge of Nations
Woodrow Wilson's proposed plan for peace. an organization of all nations in which everyone would have a voice to prevent conflicts in the future
Little entente
alliance of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Romania against a bitter Hungary
Ruhr Valley
Resource rich area in Germany that was taken over by France while Germany could not pay off debt
Dawes Plan
American loans money to Germany and fracnce moves out of valley. loan humiliates germans
Maginot Line
Line of defense built by France to protect against German invasion. Stretched from Belgium to Switzerland.
Treaty of Locarno
France and Germany agreed not to make war and to respect borders of France and Belgium. Germany admitted to League of Nations
kellogg-briand pact
Agreement in Europe and American to not use "war as a national policy
Great depression
a period of time in America and Europe when the economy collapsed in most nations. the aftermath of WWI lead to this
Weimar Republic
weak democratic government in germany after WWI. although it managed to get germany out of the war, ,ost germans opposed it
Reichstag
Seated Germany's lower house of Parlimrent, it burned in 1933 and Hitler blamed it on the communist, this event led to Hitler becoming the absolute dictator in Germany.
social democrats
Socialism based on majority rule
collective bargaining
right of unions to negotiate with management for workers as a group
defict spending
spending more than your income, usually by government, causing greater debt
Totalitarianism
the practice of a government and/or a leader who aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens in a way that fulfills a particular goal
fascism
a type of totalitarianism in which the government wants to "purify" the people and create a perfect society
Blackshirts
members of Mussolini's fascist group, used to control the people
New Economic Policy
a form of modified capitalism in Russia went war communism failed. allowed peasants and retailers to keep a portion of their profits
Politburo
committee in russia that created the communist policies.
Five-Year plans
Stalin's plans to rapidly industrialize ussia through the production of steel, electricity, and machinery
Collectivization
elimination of private farms; governments owned, peasants worked
Great Purge/Great Terror
Stalin's purification of russia. he killed all those who opposed him, or seemly opposed him, or sent them to the gulag
kulaks
rich peasants who hoarded grain when the government collected food
Cheka
Stalin's secret police force who suppressed any who seemingly opposed Stalin in any way.
Nazi party
or NSDAP, the single political party under Hitler's rule.
Triumph of the Will
a Nazi propaganda film of the strength of the Nazi party at a Nuremberg rally
Mein Kampf
'My Struggle' by hitler, later became the basic book of nazi goals and ideology, reflected obsession
lebensraum
Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people
Enabling act
gave Hitler the power to eliminate the Reichstag and pass laws on his own will
Schulz-staffeln
(SS) Hitler's secret police for that monitored the people and arrested anyone who opposed Hitler or the Nazis
Nuremberg Laws
laws that placed many restrictions against the Jews including Non-Jew marriage, separate schools, etc
Kristallnacht
night of broken glass." Goebbles requested that the storm troopers be let loose to persecute the Jews. they smashed all the windows of Jewish houses and shops, and even raided some
Concentration camps
Camps in which emenies of Hitler and the Nazi party were held. the conditions were inhumane and captives usually died sooner or later
Hitler Youth
Nazi programs for adolesences in Germany. these programs, for boys and girls, thought them their respective gender roles in Germany
Chinese Communist Party
communist group in China that combined with the KMT
Shanghai Massacre
killing of thousand of Chinese Communists in April 1927 by the nationalists headed by Chiang Kai-shek
People's Liberation Army
Chinese Communist army. administered much of country under People's Republic of China.
the Long March
Mao's march with his followers away from the Chinese national party
Cult of the body
Nazi belief that the Aryan body was perfect the way God created it and should not be tainted by piercings, tatoos, etc.
Dadaism
an artform with no solid basis. accepts senselessness and reject all previous artforms
modernism
art that focused on the current world and advancements
Lost Generation
Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe
existentialism
belief that people can only hold themselves back from their full potential
stream-of-consciousness
a form of literature in whichb the characters' thoughts are revealed through soliloquies
Salvador Dali
famous surrealist artist from Spain, painted "melting clocks
Franz Kafka
German surrealist author
T.S Elliot
American Poet exiled to England. wtoe Influential poem "the waste land
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
32nd president of the US, only one to be elected four times, was in office through great depression and WWII
John Maynard Keynes
British economist who argued that for a nation to recovery fully from a depression, the government had to spend money to encourage investment and consumption
Paul von Hindenburg
President of Weimar republic. appointed Hitler as Chancellor in 1933
Benito Mussolini
Ruler of Italy after WWI, first ever fascist leader
V.I. Lenin
Follower of Marxism, founder of communism. leader of Bolshevik revolution and leader of communist Russia
Adolf Hitler
Nazi Party leader and Fuhrer of Germany. Fascist leader who oppressed all opposition
Josef Stalin
Leader of Russia after Lenin's death. Ruled strictly using fear as a motive, supported Lenin's NEP and Five-Year plans
Leon Trotsky
follower of Lenin, but opposer of Stalin when Russia chose new leadership. he believed NEP was too capitalistic. Stalin exiled him when he came to power
Francisco Franco
Leader of Spainish army and eventually Fascist leader of Spain
Heinrich Himmler
Leader of German SS and Gestapo. oversaw procession of the Jewish genocide
Sun Yat-Sen
revolutionary who sought to overthrow the government and make China a republic
Chiang Kai-Shek
nationalist Chinese leader who become a military dictator after succeeding Sun Yat-Sen. wanted to stop Mao's Communist revolution
Mao Zedong
leader of Communist party in China and supported the peasants