Analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation
5 words for the curriculum development model ADDIE.
Administrative Law
Body of law created by an administrative agency in the form of rules, regulations, and orders.
Cognitive, psychomotor, affective
The three learning domains. Categories that describe how learning takes place.
Affective Domain
Learning domain that effects attitudes, emotions, or values. Associated with a students perspective or belief changing as a result of training.
Cognitive Domain
Learning domain that effects a change in knowledge, associated with learning new information.
Psychomotor Domain
Learning domain that requires physical use of knowledge, associated with hands on training.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Voluntary, private, nonprofit membership standards setting organization that examines and certifies existing standards and creates new standards.
American Society for Public Administration (ASPA)
Professional society representing all areas of public service, advocates greater effectiveness in government.
American Soceity for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Voluntary standards setting organization that establishes characteristics and performance criteria for materials, products, sysytems, and services.
American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE)
Professional safety organization composed of members who manage, supervise, and consult on safety, health and environmnetal issues in industry, insurance, government and education.
Andragogy
The art and science of teaching adults.
Pedagogy
The art and science of teaching children.
Behavioral Objective
Description of the minimum acceptable behavior that a student must perform by the end of an instructional period.
Block
Division of an occupation that includes related tasks with common factors.
Case Study
Description of a real or hypothetical problem that an organization or an individual has dealt with or could deal with.
Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC)
US government agency responsible for the collection and analysis of data regarding disease and health trends.
Coaching
Process in which instructors direct the talent and skills performance of students by observing, evaluating, and making suggestions for improvement by giving motivational correction, postive reinformcement and constructive feedback.
Mentoring
Relationship of trust between an experienced person and one of less experience for the purpose of growth.
Code (Regulation)
Law established either by legislation or most commonly administrative agencies or local authorities. Designed to regulate, within its scope, the topic to which it relates.
Code of Ethics
Organized group of ethical behavior guidelines that govern day to day activities of a profession, organization, or an individual.
Code of Federal Regulations
Formal name given to the books or documents conatining the specific US regulations provided by law.
Cognition
General concept that refers to all forms of knowing, including: Perceiving, imagining, reasoning and judging.
Controlling
Management process for establishing and implementing mechanisms to ensure that objectives are attained.
Empathy
Ability to understand the feelings and attitudes of another person.
Interference
Those factors that prevent the receiver from fully receiving a message, may be created by either internal or extrenal sources.
Judiciary Law
Usually the result of legal precedent or a judicial decision.
Keystoning
Effect that occurs when the width of a projected image is wider at the top than at the bottom.
Interpretive Exercise
A way to tests deeper and more complex levels of learning, more interesting and appealing to all student learning styles.
Reliability
The consistency and accuracy of test.
Criterion Based
The majority of tests written for fire and emergency services.
Criterion Referenced Test
Test that compares performance against written standards.
Summative Test
Test that measures student achievement in an entire area over a long period of time.
Formative Test (Progress Test)
Periodic test that measures improvement and gives an instructor and students feedback on their learning progress during a course. (Quizzes)
Performance Test (Skill Test)
Test that measures a students ability to perform manipulative skills.
Diagnostic Test
Test designed to determine a students learning difficulties.
Prescriptive Test
Test given at the beginning of instruction to measure a students current level of knowledge in order to measure readiness or determine placement.
Speeded Test
Test that assesses the students ability to perform within a specific time.
Norm Referenced Test
Test that rates student performance compared to other students based on a broad sampling.
Nominal Group Process
Technique that allows students to experience the process used in organizational decision making.
Gate Keeper
Ensures that all students have an opportunity to speak and no one dominates the discussion.
Validity
The extent to which a test measures what it was designed to measure.
Electronic Copy Board
Scans and prints a reduced size copy of material drawn or printed on it, a variation of the dry erase board.
Virtual Reality
A simulation that displays a view as if the participant is part of the simulated environment.
Finally
Term that should be avoided during a verbal transition.
Models
An excellent medium for illustrating mechanical or spatial concepts.
Whole to part
Sequencing method that begins with an overview of the entire topic or demonstration of the complete skill in real time.
Simple to complex
Sequencing method that begins by teaching the basic knowledge or skills and then introducing more difficult or complex knowledge as the lesson progresses.
Fan
Seating arrangement that permits students to easily see and hear the instructor and works effectively in small groups.
Round Tables
Seating arrangement that provides space for meal functions, discussion groups, or small group meetings.
Circled Chairs
Seating arrangement that is best used for small to medium sized groups where discussion is the primary method of teaching, not useful when students are expected to take notes.
Auditorium (Theater)
Seating arrangement that places students in fixed seating that permanently faces the stage or lecture and permits the interaction betweeen students and instructor.
Job (Topic)
Component of a lesson plan that consists of a short descriptive title of the information covered.
Lesson Outline
Component of a lesson plan that provides a summary of the information to be taught.
Observation, imitation, adaptation, performance, perfection
5 steps of learning in the psychomotor domain.
10
Percentage of information remembered after reading.
20
Percentage of information remembered after hearing.
30
Percentage of information remembered after seeing.
50
Percentage of information remembered after seeing and hearing.
70
Percentage of information remembered after saying or repeating.
90
Percentage of information remembered after saying and doing what they are saying.
Global (Holistic)
Learning method that involves seeing the whole picture and forming relationships between concepts, events or things.
Abstract (Symbolic)
Learning method that involves recognizing common qualitites in similar but different experiences.
Knowledge
Level of learning in the cognitive domain that involves remembering, recalling, and recognizing previously learned facts and theories.
Understanding
Component of the listening process that involves decoding the message and assigning meaning to it.
Sender, message, medium, receiver, feedback
5 elements of the communication process. (chain)
Medium
Element of interpersonal communication that is the path that the message takes between the sender and receiver.
Equal Employment Opportunity Law (EEOC)
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibiting discrimination by race, color, religion, sex, or nationality.
Buckley Amendment
Law that restricts access to personal information such as personnel files and student grades.
Vicarious Liability
Term that refers to liability that is placed on the employer for the acts and omissions of employees during the normal course of their employment.
Desire to assist, training with intent, experience, flexibility, motivation, continuous improvement
6 attributes of an excellent instructor.
1041
NFPA standard for Fire Service Instructor professional qualifications.
Job Performance Requirements (JPR)
Set of standards expected to be met by a person holding a specific title or rank.
Instructor I
Instructor level that can deliver information effectively from prepared lesson plans, adapt lesson plans, organize a learning environment, and meet record keeping requirements.
Instructor II
Instructor level that can develop lesson plans, schedule training sessions, and supervise/coordinate activities of other instructors.
Instructor III
Instructor level that can develop training curriculum for multiple organizations, conduct needs analysis, design record keeping/scheduling systems, and develop training goals/implementation strategies.
Leader, mentor, coach, evaluator, teacher
5 roles an instructor must manage.
Fire Department, State Law, Federal Law (Statutory)
3 sources of law governing instructor conduct.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Prohibits discrimination against the disabled.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibits discrimination against race, sex, or nationality
Title VII (of the Civil Rights Act)
Prohibits discrimination that creates a hostile work environment.
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
Prohibits discrimination against persons over 40. (unless there exists a recognized qualification requirement)
Confirm it exists, determine accommodations (if possible)
2 steps in analyzing a potential disability.
Duration of risk, severity of harm, likelihood of occurrence, imminence of harm
4 factors to assess the possibility of a direct threat.
Know information, new information, practice, application
4 step process of effective learning.
Learner oriented, goal oriented, activity oriented
3 types of adult learners identified by Houle in 1961
Learner Oriented
Adult learner who focuses on the act of learning more than the content being learned.
Goal Oriented
Adult learner who focuses on progression of skills or improving job prospects.
Activity Oriented
Adult learner who learns by doing and focuses on personal productive time and social contact.
Audience analysis
The determination of characteristics common to the group of people attending the class.
Age, experience, number, use of material, previous knowledge
5 factors to consider for audience analysis.
Analysis, understanding, demographic, interest, environment, needs, customization, expectations.
8 words that create the acronym AUDIENCE.
Lecture, discussion, demonstration (skill drill)
3 Instruction techniques that are most effective for the fire service.
Role play, labs, case study, assignments
4 Enhanced instructional methods
Delineation
Transition technique during lecture separating topics using point number 1, 2, 3, etc...
Direct, rhetorical, open ended, close ended
4 types of questions
Direct
Question type beginning with "Who, what, when, where, why, or how" meant to get an answer and limit discussion.
Rhetorical
Question type meant to stimulate discussion, may or may not have an exact answer.
Monopolizer, historian, daydreamer, class clown, expert, gifted
6 types of disruptive students.
Readiness, exersize, effect, primacy, recency, intensity
6 laws of learning by Thorndike.
Readiness
Law of learning stating that a student can only learn when they are mentally, physically, and emotionally prepared to do so.
Exersize
Law of learning stating that learning is an active process stimulating both mind and body.
Effect
Law of learning stating that learning best when accompanied by results and a feeling of satisfaction.
Primacy
Law of learning stating that the first method or way a concept is taught will be the way the student remembers it.
Recency
Law of learning stating that frequent practice results in more effective learning of skills.
Intensity
Law of learning stating that the more senses are stimulated the more likely the student will be to change their behavior.
Physiological, safety, social, esteem, self actualization
Maslow's hierarchy of needs in order from 1-5.
Self actualization
Final level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Love, understanding, happiness, rapture.
Who, what, when, where, why, how
The 5 Ws, and one H, of writing.
Audience, behavior, condition, degree (ABCD)
Four word acronym for a common method of writing learning objectives in the fire service.
Preparation, presentation, application, evaluation
The steps in the four step method of instruction.
Visual Aural Read Kinesthetic (VARK)
A 4 category learning style inventory designed to help students identify how they learn.
Aural
VARK category describing a student that prefers hearing information.
Kinesthetic
VARK category describing a student that prefers experience and practice such as hand on training.
Multimodal
5th VARK category added to include the majority of students who prefer multiple learning styles.
Asynchronous Learning
Online course that students can access on their own schedule within a given time frame.
Baby Boomers
Generation that has high work standards and values education expecting others to do the same. (1946-1964)
X
Generation born after Baby Boomers, todays adult learners. They want feedback but not to be controlled. Learn to grow and excel expanding career oportunities. Teens in the 1980s.
Y
Generation know as millennial generation or dot comers. Don't want work to be their life. High performers and high maintenance. No defined DOBs
Z
Generation "next" brings their own set of learning values. Computer based learning for their entire lives. Trouble with low tech learning. Late 1990s
Blended Learning (Hybrid)
Instruction Method that includes online, independent, and face to face learning.
Bloom's Taxonomy
Classification of different objectives and skills educators set for students.
Cognitive perspective
Intellectual process that results in permanent learning through experience.
Courseware
Educational content delivered via computer.
Competency based
Learning intended to improve professional performance.
Dyscalculia
Learning disability in math and related subjects.
Dyslexia
Learning disability in reading due to a problem interpreting spacial relationships.
Dysphasia
Learning disability in writing, spelling, or sentence creation.
Dyspraxia
Learning disability resulting from a lack of physical coordination with motor skills.
Ghosting
Faint shadows that appear next to letters/numbers when viewing text.
Gross Negligence
An act or failure to act that is so reckless that it shows a conscious, voluntary disregard for the safety of others.
Hold Harmless
An agreement when one party holds the other free from responsibility for liability or damage.
Indemnification
Agreement in which one party assumes liability from another.
Interrogatory
Series of formal written questions sent during a legal argument.
Malfeasance
Dishonest, intentionally illegal, or immoral actions.
Misfeasance
Mistaken, careless, or inadvertent acts that result in a violation of the law.
Negligence
Unintentional breach of duty that causes harm.
Quid pro quo
An employee being forced to tolerate sexual harassment to obtain a job or other benefit.
Statute
Law created by legislative action at both the state and federal levels.
Subject Matter Expert (SME)
A technically competent person who works the job for which the test is being developed.
Succession Planning
Ensuring the continuity of an organization by preparing it's future leaders.
Supplemental Training
Training topics available in case of a change in the original training schedule.
Synchronous Learning
Learning in which students and instructors are scheduled to be online at the same time. Live chat, webinar, etc...
Tailboard Chat
Informal gathering where fire fighters discuss various issues.
Technology Based Instruction (TBI)
Training using internet or a multimedia tool.
Undue Hardship
Situation in which accommodating an individual's disability would be too expensive or too difficult for the employer.
Vision
Having alertness to the future, recognition of potential, and expectations for improvement.
Willful and wanton
An act that shows utter indifference or conscious disregard for the safety of others.
1403
NFPA standard on Live Fire Training
1584
NFPA Standard on Rehabilitation practices for Emergencies and Training
Essay Tests (Subjective Tests)
It is crucial for an instructor to be as unbiased as possible when grading these tests.
5
Minimum number of years records should be retained.
Seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, tasting
List the five senses in order of there effectiveness in the learning environment from most effective to least.
Social
Informal method of learning using technologies for collaboration. (Blogs, Social Media, etc...)
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
This authority must develop and enforce a policy to identify and verify the level of competency of the fire service instructor. (According to NFPA 1041)
Oral tests
Often given in conjunction with or as a supplement to performance tests.
Dry Erase Board
A disadvantage to this teaching tool is that the instructor must face away from the class while using it.