3 legs of the fire trangle
Oxidizer, fuel, energy
4 leg added to the fire triangle that makes it a fire tetrahedron
chemical reaction chain
3 states of matter a fuel may be found in
gas, liquid and solid
four methods of heat transfer
conduction, convention, radiation, direct flame impingement.
will a gas with a vapor density of 1.5 rise or sink?
sink
will a liquid with a specific gravity of 0.3 float or sink in water?
float
class A fire?
Ordinary combustibles
Class B Fire?
Flammable Liquid
Class C Fire
Energized Electrical Equipment
Class D Fire
Combustible Metals
Highest ranking officer in a fire department?
Fire Chief
Officer typically in charge of an engine or truck company is?
Fire Captain
Member of an engine or truck company that drives and or pumps is typically
Fire apparatus engineer
Fire Captains usually wears a
White
Battalion Chiefs usually wears a
...
4 stages of fire
ignition, growth, fully developed and decay
Ignition Stage
Fire is ignited and reaches a point where it no longer needs input heat from outside sources to continue burning.
O2 is 21%
Growth Stage
Fire releases heat, bringing more fuel to its ignition temperature. Fire spreads and gains in it intensity. Heat is transferred nearby surfaces through radiation.
- fire needs oxygen and heat
Fully Developed Stage
All available fuels in the fire's perimeter are burning. In a structure fire, this may be a room and contents or the whole structure.
Decay stage
When the fire has run out of variable fuels or oxygen.
-All FUELS burns.
Back draft aka Smoke explosion
When a room is superheated and charged with smoke and combustible fire gases. The gas is lacking sufficient oxygen( TOO RICH TO BURN). Window is blackened by smoke stain baked on by heat of the fire. If Oxygen is introduces, the fuels in the room will be
flash over
tongues of flame roll across ceiling, radiant heat affects materials in room, raising them to ignition temperature. materials in room ignite all at once.
-The point in which all room contents reach their ignition temperature in a fire
An Associates Degree is required to obtain employment as a full time paid firefighter
FALSE
the Majority of calls firefighters respond to are for fires
FALSE
on the scene of an emergency of on the fire ground it is unacceptable to
FREE LANCE
National Fire Academy is open to ordinary citizens as well as firefighters
FALSE
Generalists
Perform many firefighting functions
Specialists
Perform high specialized duties
Portion of the application process evaluates the candidate's education and work experience is
The Oral Interview
Entry to SAC Fire Academy is guaranteed upon completion of our core class
FALSE
S.M.A.R.T.
Simple
Measurable
Accountable
Realistic
Timely
CHAIN OF COMMAND
Fire Chief > Deputy/Division Chief > Battalion Chiefs > Captains > Engineers > Firefighters/ FFPD(Paramedic)
Free radicals
an atom or group of atoms that is unstable and must combine with other atoms to achieve stability
mixture
Air is a mixture of 21% O2 and Nitrogen 78% with 1% remaining element.
Fuel
Carbon and hydrogen aka hydrocarbons is the most common elements in fuels.
pyrolysis
chemical decomposition of matter through the action of heat.
combustion
a chemical reaction that releases energy as heat and usually light.
specific gravity
the weight of a liquid compared to the weight of an equal volume of water
-measurement of water.
volatility
ease with which a fuel gives off vapors
vapor pressure
pressure exerted by vapor molecules on the sides of a container
High vapor pressure=high volatility
Low vapor pressure= low votality
boiling points
when the vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure
vapor density
density of a vapor or gas is compared to air
-Gas Higher than 1 it sinks
-Gas lower than 1 it floats
flash point
minimum temperature of a liquid at which it gives off vapors sufficient to form an ignitable mixture with air.
miscibility
abitlity of a substance to mix with water
upper flammable limit
maximum concentration of gas or vapor in the air above which it is not possible to ignite the vapors - too rich to burn
lower flammable limit
lower concentration of gas or vapor in air below which it is not possible to ignite vapors- too lean
flammable range
proportion of gas or vapor in air b/t the upper and lower flammable limits.
sources of heat
chemical: breaking down and recombination of molecules
mechanical: friction , friction sparks
electrical: arcs and sparks
nuclear: fission and fussion
temperature for Fahrenheit
freezing 32 and boiling 212
temperature for celsius
freezing 0 and boiling 100
conduction
transfer of heat through medium without visible motion
convection
transfer of heat through circulating medium( fluids:gas, liquid and air)
radiation
transfer of heat through wavelengths of energy
4 phases of fire
Incipient, Free burning, smoldering, and flame stage
Incipient
oxygen at 21 %, flame temperature at 1800 to 2200 degree and smoke and heat is produced
free burning
oxygen at 19 percent to 21 percent , heat production increases, fire spreads to other fuels
smoldering
oxygen below 15 , flames die out, glowing combustion, area charged with superheated smoke and gases about ignition temperature.
flame stage
visible flame, no to little smoke.
ICS
Incident Command System
It is to provide a consistent nationwide approach to prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of cause, size, and complexity.
ICS was developed through the efforts of local state, and federa
ICS STRUCTURE
(1)INCIDENT COMMAND > (2)INFORMATION, SAFETY, LIASION > (3)OPERATION SECTION, PLANNING SECTION, LOGISTICS SECTION, AND FINANCE SECTION
firescope
Firefighting Resources of Southern California Organized for Potential Emergencies." It is a system developed to improve the capability of firefighting agencies in southern California in allocating and managing fire suppression resources.
oxidation
the chemical combination of any substance with an oxidizer
What are 2 basic types of training a firefighter receives?
Technical and Manipulative
Technical
Firefighting Related Chemistry
Manipulative
Operation of tools
Every time you perform a Fire Prevention Inspection on a business you are performing training?
TRUE
The primary purpose of instruction is to change behavior?
TRUE
One of the most important aspects of any training program is?
Safety
Firefighters must be trained to meet new challenges
TRUE
A thorough knowledge of the ICS is crucial to your role as a firefighter?
TRUE
It is not important to understand your communication/radio systems within your department?
FALSE
Objectives at an incident must be clearly stated and understood?
TRUE
Tactics are
Used to complete objectives
The two primary modes of operation on the fire ground are?
Offensive and Defensive
IAP stands for?
Incident Action Plan
ICP stands for
Incident Command Post
The principle of Unity of Command states that
everyone listens to one
Who is at the top of the chain of command in the ICS?
Incident Commander
What is the optimal number of persons one supervisor can supervise?
5
Span of Control number is
3-7
What are two types or methods of attack that may be made on a structure fire?
Interior and Exterior
What is the tactics that removes heat and gas from a structure?
Ventialtion
Cutting a hole in the roof of a building to remove heat and smoke called
Vertical Ventilation
Opening windows to remove heat and smoke from a building is called
Horizontal Ventilation
Primary purpose of a Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) is to
Rescue downed or trapped firefighters
The part of the windland fire that has been consumed by fire is?
Black zone
The part of the wildland fire that has not been consumed is ?
green zone
Three factors that affect a wild fire are
Weather, Slopes, wind, terrain
A small 4" x 4" Diamond shaped sticker on a package that contains hazardous material is called a
Label
A large 12" x 12" Diamond shaped stickers or sign on a vehicle transporting a hazardous material is called a?
Placard
The yellow Emergency Response Guide (ERG) book lists hazardous materials by their?
Name and UN Hazardous Class ID Number
A fully encapsulating vapor and air tight suit for HAZMAT is what level?
Level A Suit
9 Hazardous Material Hazard Classes
Explosive, Gas, Flammable Solid, Flammable Liquid, Oxidizer, Poison, Radioactive, Corrosion, and MISC
Every Good Fire Fighter Owns Porche Race Cars Maybe
6 PRINCIPLES OF COMMANDS
1. Unity of Command
2. Chain of Command
3. Span of Control
4. Division of Labor
5. Delegation of Authority
6. Exception principle
Division of Labor
Helps Prevent duplicate of Labor
What does the Truck Company do?
They perform ventilation, forcible entry, and salvage
Solid Fuels
Need vapors to vurn
Fire Plug
Water mains was made out of wood back in the 1800's. They would cork or seal the hole with a "fire plug
Higbee cut
It is found on hose couplings, it helps line up the thread.
Lugs
Use for tightening
Female Lugs
Found on the swivel.
male Lugs
Found on shanks
Visocity
Resistance to flow
Once Flash Point reach, will it continue to burn?
FALSE
Fire Burns faster uphill
TRUE
Appliances
Anything that water flows through
Are codes and standards the same?
NO
NFPA
writes standards
BTU
British Thermal Unit: Amount of heat to raise temperature
1LB IS 1 DEGREE