Heat of friction is an example of which type of heat energy?
-Physical
-Conductive
-Kinetic
-Mechanical
Mechanical
What is the primary toxic effect of hydrogen cyanide?
-Neurotoxin
-Simple asphyxiant
-Cardiac irritant
-Chemical asphyxiant
Chemical asphyxiant
All of the following are methods of extinguishing fire EXCEPT ONE
-Reducing temperature
-Neutralizing the catalyst
-Chemical flame inhibition
-Oxygen exclusion
Neutralizing the catalyst
Anything that occupies space and has mass is
-Solid
-Matter
-Substance
-Energy
Matter
What is the first stage of fire developtment?
-Incipient
-Ingnition
-Heating
-Flashover
Incipient
OSHA defines oxygen deficiency as a percentage of oxygen in air less than __%
-20.5
-21.5
-18.5
-19.5
19.5%
On the Fahrenheit scale, at what temperature does water begin to freeze?
-0
-212
-100
-32
32
What is the term for the rapid transition from the growth stage to the fully developed stage?
-Rollover
-Backdraft
-Flashover
-Flameover
Flashover
Which is the energy component of the fire tetrahedron?'
-The oxidizing agent
-Heat
-The chemical chain reaction
-The reducing agent
Heat
During which phase of develpment is a fire most likely to becoe ventilation controlled?
-Fully developed
-Decay
-Growth
-Incipient
Fully developed
An oxygen enriched atmosphere is defined by OSHA as a percentage of oxygen in air greater than
-22
-23.5
-23
-22.5
23.5%
A reaction that absorbs energy is
-Exothermic
-Reducing
-Chemical
-Endothermic
Endothermic
How do Halon replacement agents extinguish fire?
-Inhibiting the chemical chain reaction
-Smothering the flames with a gas that will not support combustion
-Creating a vapor seal
-Cooling the fuel below its ignition temperature
Inhibiting the chemical chain reaction
Pyrolysis of wood begins at approximately which temperature?
-700 to 900 F
-500 to 700 F
-400 to 500 F
-Less than 400 F
Less than 400 F
What is the primary toxic effect of carbon dioxide?
-Blocks transfer of gases across alveolar membrane
-Disrupts cellular metabolism
-Blocks oxygen from bonding with hemoglobin
-Displaces oxygen from the air
Displaces oxygen from the air
Which one of these characteristics in a solid fuel will increase the rate of pyrolysis?
-Horizontal placement of the fuel
-Porous composition of the material
-High carbon content
-Large surface area relative to mass
Large surface area relative to mass
Allowing a fire to burn itself out is an example of which method of extinguishment?
-Oxygen exclusion
-Fuel removal
-Neutralizing the catalyst
-Chemical flame inhibition
Fuel removal
Which statement about a polar solvent is correct?
-It floats on water
-It will mix with water
-It produces vapors heavier than air
-It will dilute a hydrocarbon
It will mix with water
Fire spreads upward within a building due to rising superheated air. Which means of heat transmission is this?
-Flashover
-Radiation
-Convection
-Direct flame contact
Convection
What is the specific gravity of most flammable liquids?
-1
-Less than 1
-Between 1 and 2
-2 or more
Less than 1
A fire in which location has the highest plume temperature?
-In the corner of a compartment
-In the center of a compartment
-Outdoors, on level ground
-In a compartment, near a wall
In the corner of a compartment
Which odor is associated with hydrongen cyanide gas?
-Bleach
-Freshly cut grass
-Bitter almonds
-Geraniums
Bitter almonds
Which is one of the phases of fire development?
-Fully developed
-Reduction
-Ventilation controlled
-Ignition
Fully developed
Which is a sign of potential backdraft?
-Pulsing, puffin discharges of smoke
-Good interior visibility
-Large, vigorous flames
-Fire venting through the roof or windows
Pulsing, puffing discharges of smoke
Which property tells you if a gas will collect at ground level?
-Flash point
-Specific gravity
-Vapor density
-Explosive limits
Vapor density
Which property tells you if a liquid will float on water?
-Vapor density
-Relative density
-Specific gravity
-Fluid buoyancy
Specific gravity
The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to sustain combustion is its
-Fire point
-Ignition temperature
-Flammable range
-Flash point
Fire point
What is the term for the ignition of unburned gases in the hot gas layer at the top of a compartment?
-Flashover
-Mushrooming
-Ghosting
-Rollover
Rollover
On the Celsius scale, at what temperature does water being to boil?
-32
-100
-212
-0
100
What are materials that are not themselves combustible but support combustion?
-Catalysts
-Enzymes
-Oxidizers
-Inhibitors
Oxidizers
What is heat?
-Temperature increase resulting in fuel decomposition
-Kinetic energy in the form of vibrating molecules
-A product of pyrolysis
-The energy which produces oxidation
Kinetic energy in the form of vibrating molecules
What is the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit called?
-BTU
-Therm
-Joule
-Calorie
BTU British Thermal Unit
Which is the most significant Class A fuel characteristic influencing fire behavior in a compartment?
-Surface to mass ratio
-Orientation
-Fuel moisture
-Continuity
Surface to mass ratio
Self heating is an example of __ heat energy
-Organic
-Latent
-Conductive
-Chemical
Chemical
Which statement about flammable liquids is most correct?
-They will not burn unless vaporized
-They are easily extinguished with water
-They do not produce vapors unless agitated
-They readily mix with water
They will not burn unless vaporized
What is the term for surrounding atmospheric conditions inside or outside a structure?
-Local
-Prevailing
-Climate
-Ambient
Ambient
Which is the best definition of fuel load?
-The total quantity of combustible contents of a building, space or fire area
-The maximum amount of heat, expressed in BTUs, that will be released if a given quantity of fuel burns
-The total amount of heat rele
The total quantity of combustible contents of a building, space or fire area
A combustible liquid has a flash point higher than
-100 F
-50 F
-212 F
-150 F
100 F
Which motor works on the principle of the heat of compression?
-Gasoline fuel piston
-Diesel fuel piston
-Wankel
-Miller cycle
Diesel fuel piston
What is likely to happen if fresh air is rapidly introduced into a ventilation controlled compartment fire?
-Improved visibility
-Restoration of free burning
-Backdraft
-Flashover
Backdraft
What is a British Thermal Unit?
-The amount of time required for one gallon of water to increase one degree Farenheit when exposed to an open flame
-The amount of heat released when one gallon of water cools one degree Farenheit
-The amount of heat needed
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit
What is transfer of heat by movement of a flluid?
-Convection
-Pyrolysis
-Radiation
-Vaporization
Convection
Liquids with a specific gravity of less than one will __ water
-Float on
-React with
-Sink in
-Mix with
Float on water
Which is the primary factor in the production of carbon monoxide?
-Cellulose based reducing agent
-High water content of fue
-Incomplete combustion of organic materials
-Synthetic or hydrocarbon based fuel source
Incomplete combustion of organic materials
Heat of compression is an example of which type of heat energy?
-Kinetic
-Organic
-Mechanical
-Physical
Mechanical
Which gas is a common product of combustion?
-Hydrogen sulfide
-Anhydrous ammonia
-Formaldehyde
-Acrolein
Formaldehyde
A vapor concentration in air is too rich to burn. This concentration is
-Between the lower flammable limit and the upper flammable limit
-Above the upper flammable limit
-Below the upper flammable limit
-Above the lower flammable limit
Above the upper flammable limit
Heat transmitted by __ travels in a straight line and at the speed of light
-Convection
-Conduction
-Vaporization
-Radiation
Radiation
Dealing with an unventilated compartment fire is particularly risky because of the potential for
-Undetectable toxic gasses
-Spread to exposures
-Flameover/rollover
-Backdraft
Backdraft
Heat causes combustible vapors to evolve from a solid fuel in which process?
-Oxidation
-Pyrolysis
-Catagenesis
-Vaporization
Pyrolysis
Fuel in the combustion process is the
-Reducing agent
-Catalyst
-Oxidizing agent
-Enzyme
Reducing agent
Which form of heat transfer causes most exposure fires?
-Radiation
-Convection
-Conduction
-Vaporizaton
Radiaton
A fire with limited air supply is a __ fire
-Ventilation controlled
-Smoldering
-Decay phase
-Compartment
Ventilation controlled
A bearing overheats in a motor causing ignition of nearby combustibles. This is an example of ignition by __ heat energy
-Compressive
-Mechanical
-Physical
-Electromagnetic
Mechanical
Which is one of the components of the fire tetrahedron?
-Pyrolysis
-Chemical chain reaction
-Smoke
-Vaporization
Chemical chain reaction
At which ceiling temperature does flashover usually occur?
-1100 F
-1500 F
-900 F
-700 F
1100 F
A vapor concentration in air is too lean to burn. This concentration is
-Above the upper flammable limit
-Between the lower flammable limit and the upper flammable limit
-Above the lower flammable limit
-Below the lower flammable limit
Below the lower flammable limit
What is the process by which a liquid changes into gas?
-Boiling
-Evaporation
-Vaporization
-Oxidation
Vaporization
In general, which is the most common toxic product of combustion found in structure fires?
-Carbon dioxide
-Hydrogen cyanide
-Formaldehyde
-Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide
What is a process of rapid oxidation that produces heat and light?
-Electrolysis
-Combustion
-Pyrolysis
-Vaporization
Combustion
All combustible materials in a compartment are involved in fire. This describes which phase of fire development?
-Flashover
-Growth
-Free burning
-Fully developed
Fully developed
Available fuel or oxygen is consumed and flaming combustion fire is diminishing. What phase of fire development does this describe?
-Incipient
-Decay
-Equilibrium
-Fully developed
Decay
What does the term thermal layering refer to?
-Elimination of temperature differentials within a closed compartment
-Tendency of gases to form layers according to temperature
-Stack effect within a high rise
-Mushrooming of gases within a structure
Tendency of gases to form layers according to temperature
How do dry chemical agents extinguish fires?
-They absorb free radicals
-They reduce oxygen supply
-They disrupt the chemical chain reaction
-They absorb heat energy
They disrupt the chemical chain reaction
Which substance is associated with burning polyurethane foam?
-Carbon dioxide
-Acrolein
-Carbon monoxide
-Hydrogen cyaninde
Hydrogen cyanide
What is the primary toxic effect of carbon monoxide?
-Interferes with the heart's conduction system
-Causes constriction of lung passages
-Attacks nervous tissue
-Deceases the blood's capacity to carry oxygen
Decreases the blood's capacity to carry oxygen
If a gas has a vapor density of less than one, it will
-Sink and settle
-Ignite upon contact with air
-Act as an oxidizing agent
-Rise and dissipate
Rise and dissipate
If one cubic foot of water is completely vaporized, how many cubic feet of steam will be produced?
-1000
-1700
-1300
-500
1700
As fuel burns, the amount of heat released over a period of time is the
-Fire load
-Heat release rate
-Specific heat
-Explosive range
Heat release rate
On the Fahrenheit scale, at what temperature does water begin to boil?
-212
-32
-0
-100
212
What is required in order for spontaneous ignition to occur?
-An oxidizing agent other than atmospheric oxygen
-Sufficient heat production to produce flashover
-A pilot
-Sufficient insulation to prevent heat dissipation
Sufficient insulation to prevent heat dissipation
Fighting fire with water is an example of which method of extinguishment?
-Reducing temperature
-Neutralizing the catalyst
-Chemical flame inhibition
-Oxygen exclusion
Reducing temperature
Extinguishing fire with a foam blanket is an example of which method of extinguishment?
-Fuel removal
-Chemical flame inhibition
-Neutralizing the catalyst
-Oxygen exclusion
Oxygen exclusion
Which is one of the phases of fire development?
-Growth
-Smoldering
-Free burning
-Pyrolysis
Growth
Which material conducts heat most readily?
-Concrete
-Copper
-Wood
-Steel
Copper
Spontaneous ignition of a wad of linseed oil soaked rags is caused by which form of heat energy?
-Chemical
-Latent
-Physical
-Organic
Chemical
In order for heat to be transmitted from one body to another, the bodies must be
-Stationary
-At different temperatures
-In physical contact
-Poorly insulated
At different temperatures
Which liquid is miscible in water?
-Alcohol
-Diesel
-Fuel oil
-Gasoline
Alcohol
A fire occuring in an enclosed space is a __ fire
-Compartment
-Confined
-Fuel controlled
-Ventilation controlled
Compartment
The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to momentarily ignite if provided with an outside ignition source is it
-Fire point
-Ignition temperature
-Flammable range
-Flash point
Flash point
Extinguishing fire with an inert gas is an example of which method of extinguishment?
-Chemical flame nhibition
-Neutralizing the catalyst
-Reducing temperature
-Oxygen exclusion
Oxygen exclusion
What is the normal percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere?
-16
-25
-21
-78
21
Which is the unit of heat energy in SI?
-Newton
-Horsepower
-Watt
-Joule
Joule
What is the neutral plane?
-The interface between the hot and cool gas layers in a compartment
-The point in fire development at which it is neither growing or decaying
-Heat is being produced and disperesed at equal rates
-Equilibrium between a fire's fu
The interface between the hot and cool gas layers in a compartment
Of the items listed below, which is the best indicator of impending flashover?
-Little or no visible flame
-Lowering of the hot gas layer
-Appearance of ceiling jets
-White smoke
Lowering of the hot gas layer
Which product has the lowest flash point?
-Ethanol
-Gasoline
-Methanol
-Diesel fuel
Gasoline
On the Celsius scale, at what temperature does water begin to freeze?
-212
-0
-100
-32
Zero
Entraining air has what effect on the plume?
-Increases vertical velocity
-Increases rate of spread
-Decreases temperature
-Disrupts thermal layering
Decreases temperature
Flashover typically occurs during which phase of fire?
-Ignition
-Fully developed
-Growth
-Incipient
Growth
Which type of heat transmission occurs via electromagnetic waves?
-Conduction
-Convection
-Radiation
-Electrogamentism
Radiation
A fire with limited fuel supply is a/n __ fire?
-Decay phase
-Incipient
-Fuel controlled
-Isolated
Fuel controlled
Which term means the minimum temperature to which a specific fuel must be heated in order for self sustained combustion to occur without an outside source?
-Fire point
-Piloted ignition temperature
-Autoignition temperature
-Explosive range
Autoignition temperature
Which material has the widest flammable range?
-Gasoline
-Propane
-Carbon monoxide
-Methane
Carbon monoxide
Which is one of the components of the fire tetrahedron?
-Vaporization
-Oxidizing agent
-Catalyzing agent
-Ignition source
Oxidizing agent
The capacity to perform work is a definition of
-Energy
-Watts
-Heat
-Power
Energy
A moving object possesses what kind of energy?
-Kinetic
-Horsepower
-Inertial
-Potential
Kinetic
What is indicated by a structure which appears to be breathing smoke?
-Imminent flashover
-Backdraft conditions
-Growth phase fire
-Impending structural collapse
Backdraft conditions
Which statement about Nomex is correct?
-It will burn upon prolonged direct flame contact
-It will burn in normal atmosphere and pressure
-It does not burn
-It may ignite and burn vigorously in an oxygen enriched atmoshphere
It may ignite and burn vigorously in an oxygen enriched atmosphere
For a given mass of solid fuel, as surface area decreases, the energy required for ignition
-Increases
-Stays the same
-Decreases
-It varies with the fuel
Increases
What is the term for the concentration of fuel vapor in air that can be ignited?
-Flammable range
-Volatility range
-Ignitable limits
-Vapor / oxidizer ratio
Flammable range
A fire in which location will spread the most rapidly?
-Under a window in a room
-Near the wall of a room
-In the center of a room
-In the corner of aroom
In the corner of a room
A reaction that releases energy is
-Endothermic
-Chemical
-Exothermic
-Reducing
Exothermic
What is a more traditional term for a ceiling jet?
-Stack effect
-Mushrooming
-Stratification
-Chimney effect
Mushrooming
What is a ceiling jet?
-Horizontal ventilation causes hot gases to spread laterally
-Dense cold air rushing into a structure from above will push smoke back into a building
-Air currents drawn to an opening made in the upper portions of a building
-A laye
A layer of hot gases spreading horizontally as the plume contacts the ceiling
Which one of these statements about heat transfer is correct?
-Temperature differential has no effect on the rate of heat transfer
-Physical contact is need for transfer to occur
-Molecular activity decreases as heat increases
-Heat moves from a warmer ob
Heat moves from a warmer object to a cooler one
Which item has the highest heat release rate?
-Small pool of gasoline
-Dry Christmas tree
-Polyurethane foam mattress
-Cotton mattress
Polyurethane foam mattress
What is a chemical reaction between oxygen and another substance?
-Oxidation
-Polymerization
-Covalence
-Polarization
Oxidation
What is heat transfer between bodies through direct contact?
-Pyrolysis
-Convection
-Conduction
-Direct flame contact
Conduction
Excessive current flowing through a wire causes the insulation to ignite. This is an example of ignition by __ heat energy
-Chemical
-Electrical
-Kinetic
-Conductive
Electrical
What is the second stage of fire development?
-Growth
-Free burning
-Flashover
-Ignition
Growth
A flammable liquid has a flash point less than
-212 F
-50 F
-100 F
-150 F
100 F
How are modes of combustion differentiated?
-Based on the length of the reaction
-Based on the temperature of the reaction
-Based on when the reaction is occurring
-Based on where the reaction is occurring
Based on where the reaction is occurring
What is the transformation of a liquid to vapor or gaseous state?
-Oxidation
-Gaseousity
-Vaporization
-Liquidization
Vaporization
What is the temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to ignite, but not sustain, combustion?
-Fire point
-Flash point
-Flame point
-Ignition level
Flash point
What is the temperature at which sufficient vapors are being generated to sustain the combustion reaction?
-Fire Point
-Flash point
-Flame point
-Combustion level
Fire point
What is the total amount of energy released when a specific amount of a given fuel is oxidized?
-Heat energy
-Heat release rate
-Heat of combustion
-Fuel oxidation number
Heat of combustion
What is the energy released per unit of time as a given fuel burns?
-Heat energy
-Heat release rate
-Rate of combustion
-Fuel oxidation number
Heat released rate
What is known as the range of concentrations of the fuel vapor and air?
-Heat range
-Flammable range
-Lower flammable limit
-Upper flammable limit
Flammable range
Which of the following substances acts to prevent the body from using oxygen at the cellular level and is a byproduct of the combustion of polyurethane foam?
-Carbon dioxide
-Carbon monoxide
-Hydrogen cyanide
-Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen cyanide
Which of the following substances is a product of complete combustion of organic materials and acts as a simple asphyxiant by displacing oxygen?
-Methane
-Carbon dioxide
-Carbon monoxide
-Hydrogen cyanide
Carbon dioxide
Which of th efollowing substances is a colorless liquid with a pungent choking odor, and is irritating to the mucous membranes?
-Benzene
-Acetaldehyde
-Sulfur dioxide
-Hydrogen chloride
Acetaldehyde
Which of the following substance is a colorless to clear yellow liquid with a bitter almond odor?
-Asbestos
-Particulates
-Benzaldehyde
-Glutaraldehyde
Benzaldehyde
Which of the following substances is a colorless liquid with a weak, suffocating odor?
-Acrolein
-Formaldehyde
-Nitrogen dioxide
-Isovaleraldehyde
Isovaleraldehyde
When sufficient oxygen is available and fire development is controlled by the characteristics and configuration of the fuel, it is said to be
-Uncontrolled
-Fuel controlled
-Oxygen controlled
-Combustible controlled
Fuel controlled