Which of the following occurs when a substance remains chemically the same but changes in size, shape, or appearance? (87)
Physical Change
Which of the following occurs when a substance changes from one type of matter into another? (87)
Chemical Reaction
Which of the following is a chemical reaction involving the combination of oxygen (or similar types of substances with other materials? (87)
Oxidation
Which of the following refers to reactions that give off energy as they occur? (87)
exothermic reactions
Which of the following refers to reactions that absorb energy as they occur? (87)
endothermic reactions
Modes of combustion are differentiated based on: (87)
where the reaction is occuring
Which of the following modes of combustion requires liquid or solid fuels to be converted to the gas phase or vaporized?
flaming combustion
Which of the following modes of combustion occurs when solid fuels undergo oxidation at the surface of the fuel? (87)
non flaming or smoldering combustion
Which of the following are the three components of the fire triangle? (87)
oxygen, ful, and heat
Flaming combustion is accurate explained BEST by which of the following? (87)
fire tetrahedron
Which of the following is NOT an element of the fire tetrahedron?(87)
fire inhibitor
Which of the following is energy possessed by a moving object? (89)
kinetic energy
Temperature is a measurement of: (89)
kinetic energy
In the customary system, the unit of measure for heat is: (89)
British thermal energy
Applying large amounts of heat to solid fuels such as wood causes: (90)
pyrolysis
Which of the following is the temperature to which the surface of a
substance must be heated for ignition and self-sustained combustion
to occur? (90-91)
autoignition
Which of the following is the MOST common source of heat in
combustion reactions? (91)
chemical heat energy
Which of the following occurs when any combustible is in contact with
oxygen? (91)
oxydation
Which of the following modes of electrical heat energy occurs when
electric current flows through a conductor at a normal design limit?
(92)
resistance heating
Which of the following types of heat energy is generated by friction or
compression? (93)
mechanical heat energy
The rate at which heat is transferred is related to the temperature
differential of the bodies and the: (93)
thermal conductivity of the material involved
Which of the following refers to the transfer of heat within a body or to
another body by direct contact? (94)
conduction
Which of the following refers to the transfer of heat energy from a fluid
(liquid or gas) to a solid surface? (95)
convection
Which of the following refers to transmission of energy as an electromagnetic wave without an intervening medium? (95)
Radiation
Which of the following statements about radiant heat is MOST
accurate? (95)
Radiant heat becomes the dominant mode of heat transfer when the fire grows in size
Which of the following refers to materials that absorb heat but do not
participate actively in the combustion reaction? (96)
Passive agents
Fuel in a combustion reaction is known as the: (96)
reducing agent
For flaming combustion to occur, fuels must be in the: (97)
gaseous state
In order to burn, liquids must be: (97)
vaporized
Which of the following refers to the temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to ignite, but not sustain, combustion? (98)
flash point
Which of the following is the primary consideration in whether solids
are easy or difficult to ignite? (101)
Surface to mass ration
Which of the following is NOT a factor that heat release rate is dependent upon? (103)
Ignition source
Which of the following is the primary oxidizing agent in most fires? (103)
oxygen
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate about materials that do not burn at normal oxygen levels? (104)
These materials may burn readily in oxygen-enriched atmospheres
Which of the following refers to the minimum concentration of fuel
vapor and air that supports combustion? (105)
lower flammable limit
Which of the following statements about self-sustained chemical
reactions is MOST accurate? (105-106)
This process involves many types of intermediate combustion products, many of which are flammable and toxic.
Which of the following statements about surface combustion is MOST
accurate? (106-107)
it cannot be extinguished by chemical flame inhibition
In flaming combustion, the fire will continue to burn until the fuel or oxygen is exhausted or: (106)
an extinguishing agent is applied in sufficient quantities to interfere with the ongoing reactions
Which of the following causes the most fire deaths? (108)
toxic smoke
Which of the following products of combustion is frequently identified
as the cause of death for civilian fire fatalities and acts as a chemical asphyxiant by binding with hemoglobin in the blood? (108)
carbon monoxide
Which of the following products of combustion is produced in the
combustion of materials containing nitrogen and is a significant
byproduct of the combustion of polyurethane foam? (108)
hydrogen cyanide
Which of the following products of combustion is a product of complete
combustion of organic materials and also acts as a respiratory stimulant? (108)
carbon dioxide
Which of the following classifications of fires involve ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, grass, and many plastics? (110)
class a
Which of the following classifications of fires involve energized electrical
equipment? (110-111)
class c
Which of the following classifications of fires involve flammable and combustible liquids and gases such as gasoline, oil, lacquer, paint, mineral spirits, and alcohol? (110)
class b
Which of the following classifications of fires involve combustible metals
such as aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, titanium, and
zirconium? (111)
class d
Which of the following classifications of fires involve oils and greases
normally found in commercial kitchens and food preparation facilities
using deep fryers? (112)
class k
When fire development is limited by the air supply, it is said to be:
(113)
ventilation controlled
During which stage of fire development is the fire small, confined to the
material first ignited, and may self-extinguish? (114)
incipient stage
During which stage of fire development has the fire not yet influenced
the environment to a significant extent? (114)
incipient stage
During which stage of fire development does the fire begin to influence
the environment within the compartment? (116)
growth stage
In thermal layering, the hottest gases tend to be: (117)
in the top layer
Which of the following refers to pockets of flames that may be observed
moving through the hot gas layer above the neutral plane? (118)
d
Which of the following refers to a condition where the unburned fire
gases accumulated at the top of a compartment ignite and flames
propagate through the hot gas layer or across the ceiling? (118)
rollover
Which of the following refers to the transition when conditions in the
compartment change very rapidly from partial to full involvement of
the compartment? (118)
flashover
Which of the following does NOT occur just before flashover? (120)
fuel in the compartment gives off combustible gases
During which stage of fire development are all combustible materials in
the compartment burning? (121)
fully developed stage
During which stage of fire development does the fuel become consumed or the oxygen concentration fall to the point where flaming combustion can no longer be supported? (121)
decay stage
An increase in ventilation in a fire that is in the decay stage can result in a deflagration called a: (122)
backdraft
Which of the following are the most fundamental fuel characteristics influencing fire development in a compartment fire? (125)
mass ans surface area
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the availability
and location of additional fuels? (125)
distance to the nearest sprinkler
All other things being equal, a fire in a large compartment will: (127)
develop more slowly than in 1 small compartment
Which of the following is NOT a determination of pre-existing ventilation? (128)
occupational load
Which of the following is NOT a thermal property of the enclosure?
(128)
occupant load
Which of the following ambient conditions can be an extremely
significant factor in structural fire development? (129)
stong winds
Which of the following methods of controlling and extinguishing a fire
depends on reducing the temperature of a fuel to a point where it
does not produce sufficient vapor to burn? (130)
temperature reduction
Which of the following methods of controlling and extinguishing a fire
effectively extinguishes any fire? (131)
fuel removal
Which of the following methods of controlling and extinguishing a fire
reduces a fire's growth and may totally extinguish it over time, but is
not generally used for extinguishment in structure fires? (131)
oxygen exclusion
Which of the following methods of controlling and extinguishing a fire
interrupts the combustion reaction and stops flame production?
(132)
chemical fire inhibition
Which of the following methods of controlling and extinguishing a fire
uses water for the extinguishment of smoldering fires? (130)
temperature reduction