The NFPA Standard that defines the training and performance for the fire fighters is_________. Age and education requirements are established______ .
NFPA 1001, Locally
Age and education requirements are established ________.
Locally
A Driver/Operator may also be called an __________ or ____________
Engineer, Technician
The company officer is usually a ___________ or __________.
Lieutenant or Captain
The individual who is responsible for the overall management of incident operations is the _________.
Safety Officer
The public information officer serves as the ________ between the IC and the _________.
Liaison, News Media
The fire protection engineer reviews plans and works with __________ to ensure the function of detection systems.
Building Owners
SOP is the acronym for ___________
Standard Operating Procedures
SOG is the acronym for ___________
Suggested Operating Guidelines
An engine company is responsible for securing _________ and deploying _________
Water Source, Hand-Lines
A truck company is also called a _________ _________
Ladder Company
The _________ company is usually responsible for rescuing victims
Rescue
The ___________ company responds to and controls scenes involving spilled or leaking hazardous chemicals
Hazard Materials
Within the chain of command, fire fighters usually report to a _________
Lieutenant
Captains report directly to a _________
Chief
The fire service draws its authority from the _______ entity responsible for protecting the public
Governing
Who should firefighters consider themselves working for?
Tax paying citizens who fund the department
The fire department uses __________ style of leadership
Paramilitary
Describe the concept of discipline:
Set guidelines the department establishes. Regulations, policies, and procedures are forms of discipline, that outline how things are to be done.
What is Unity of Command
The idea that each fire fighter answers to only one supervisor, each supervisor answers to only one boss
What is meant of span of control
Number of people whom one person can supervise effectively
What historical events took place in the years 24 B.C. and 60 A.D.
Roman Emperor Augustus Caesar created what is known as the first fire department.
Corps of Vigiles established, adopting formal rank structure of the Roman Legion which is still used today
The first document structure fire in North America occurred in what year?
1607 Jamestown, Virginia
The Chief's bugle became a symbol of ________
Authority
Fire insurance was established in England after the _______ in 1666
Great Fire of London
A historical event took place in 1736. What was it and where did it occur?
First fire insurance company was established in Charleston, SC
During a serious incident, the Safety Officer is responsible for evaluating hazards, and recommending __________ to the IC
Appropriate safety measures
Additionally each injury or accident must be __________
Thoroughly investigated and learned why it happened and how to avoid it
Freelancing is ________
Acting independently of orders or SOPs or SOGs
At the emergency, the safety officer reports to the _________
IC
How much time should all firefighters spend in physical training each day?
one hour daily
Explain how safety during training develops the proper working habits:
Developing the proper working habits during training courses helps ensure safety later
Teamwork is vital. What should take place if any member of the team becomes fatigued or must leave the training area:
Notify the instructor or safety officer . EMS will be on standby to perform examination & refer further treatment
Who does safe driving begin with?
You
A firefighting team should always consist of ________ who work together and are in ________
Two Firefighters, Constant contact with each other
At an emergency incident, if one member of the team must leave the building, what must the rest of the team do
Entire team must leave
An accountability system should record
Individual assigned to each company, crew, or entry teams
If a Safety Officer is not on the scene, another person should
be assigned to monitor the atmosphere for the presence of carbon dioxide
If a single firefighter has to lift something that is very heavy, he/she should
Never bend by the waist to lift an object
Bending should be done by
The knees and use legs to lift, never by the waist
The systematic process that provides periods of rest and recovery is
Rehabilitation
What are some of the signs of heat stroke
Lack of sweat, low blood pressure, shallow breathing, and seizures
How much of the body should a firefighter's structural firefighting gear cover?
Every inch of the body
The protective hood provides additional thermal protection for which area of the body
Ears and neck when flexed
Explain the purpose of the PASS
Electronic device that sounds a loud audible signal when the firefighter is trapped or disabled
The time period that a firefighter should be able to don his/her PPC is
1 minute
One limitation of an SCBA is the physical limitations of the user. Another is psychological limitations of the
User
SCBA Harness
Consists of the straps and fasteners to adjust the SCBA
SCBA Nose Cup
Helps prevent fogging of the clear leans
SCBA Air Cylinder
Holds the breathing air
SCBA Emergency Bypass
Used only if the regulator malfunctions
SCBA Pressure Gauge
Shows the amount of pressure in the cylinder
SCBA Regulator
Controls the air flow to the user
When checking the SCBA, the air cylinder should be at least of rated pressure
90%
In addition to dispatching units and communicating to them, the communications center also can track the ___ and ___ of every fire department unit
Location, Status
A Telecommunicator is an employee who staffs a . They are also known as
Communication Center, Dispatch
Sometimes a caller may be highly stressed or in extreme danger. The telecommunicator must have the ability to ____ with citizens to obtain critical information
Communicate Effectively
NFPA 1061 is the Standard for
Installation, Maintenance, and use of Emergency Services Communication System
CAD is the acronym for
Computer Aided Dispatch
In general, the accepted performance objective, from the time a call reaches the until the , 1 minute or less
Communication Center, Units are dispatched
PSAP is the acronym for
Public Safety Answering Point
Five major steps for processing an emergency incident
1) Call Receipt
2) Location Validation
3) Classification & Prioritization
4) Unit Selection
5) Dispatch
The important step of actually alerting the units to respond and transmitting the information to them is
Dispatch
In addition to following SOP's, telecommunicator must use listening to interpret information
Active
If a telecommunicator is unable to return the call and reach the original caller, he/she will usually ____ to the location to determine
Dispatch a police officer, if more help is needed
Sometimes caller may raise their voices or shout - the telecommunicator should never argue with the caller and continue to speak ____and___ remain at all times
Calmly, Professional
TDD is the acronym for
Telecommunication for the Deaf
Occasionally, the communications center may receive call about an issue that cannot be handled by the fire department. In this case the telecommunicator should
Make every effort to accommodate the caller, if possible, transfer the caller to the proper agency
Two-way radios are more powerful than mobile radios
False
Mobile radios are powered by the vehicle's electrical system
True
FCC is the acronym for the
Federal Communication Commission
Explain emergency traffic
Urgent message that takes priority over all other communications
Explain the purpose of an evacuation signal
Warn all personnel to pull back to safe location
Fire is a rapid
Chemical process that produces heat and usually light
The three conditions needed for a fire to occur are
Oxygen, Fuel, Heat
The Tetrahedron is a , three dimensional figure =. In addition to heat, fuel, oxygen, it includes a reaction
Four Sided, Chemical Reaction
Explain the process of oxidation
Oxygen combines chemically with another substance to create a new compound
Smoke may also contain droplets of liquid
True
Conduction
The transfer of energy directly from one molecule to another
Radiation
The transfer of heat through the emission of energy in the form of invisible waves
Convection
The circular movement that occurs in a gas or fluid
Identify the phases of a fire
a. The last phase of a fire
b. Large amounts of materials in the room are undergoing pyrolysis
c. Occurs as the kindling starts to burn and convention increases
d. The flame begins small with a localized flame
b. Fully developed
d. Ignition
a. Decay
c. Growth Phase
The most common method used to extinguish a fire is to
Cool burning material
A class A fire involves
Ordinary solid combustibles
A class B fire involves
Flammable or combustible liquid
A class C fire involves
Electrical Equipment
A class D fire involves
Combustible Metals
A class K fire involves
Combustible Cooking Oil or Fat
Explain the concept that solid fuels do not actually burn in the solid state:
Solid fuel must instead be heated or pyrolysis to decompose it into vapor before it will burn
Explain the difference between Flashover and Flameover
Flashover is when temperature in a room reaches a point where combustible material ignite at once.
Flameover is flaming ignition of hot gases that are layered in a developing room
List the seven signs and symptoms of impending back draft:
Any confined fire with large heat build up
Little visible flame from exterior
Smoke puffing from building that looks like it is breathing
Smoke that seems to be pressurized
Smoke stained windows
Turbulent smoke
Ugly yellowish smoke
The weight of air has the value of 1
True
Gas vapor density of less than 1 will settle close the the ground
False
BLEVE stands for
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion.
A BLEVE occurs when
Liquid fuel is stored in a vessel under pressure
Explain the concept of reading smoke if smoke thins when the door is opened, but smoke still fills the door
The fire is probably below the level of the opening
Occupancy refers to
How a building is used
Combustibility is a characteristic that describes how readily material conduct heat
False
A fire wall helps to prevent
The spread of a fire from one side of the wall to the other
Under tension, concrete is strong
False
Concrete cannot be damaged by fire
False
Explain Spalling
As steam expands, it creates internal pressure that can cause section to break off
The strongest bulding material in common use is
Steel
Failure of steel depends on:
A. The mass of the steel components
B. Loads placed upon them
C. Methods used to connect the steel pieces
If a firefighter observes any sign of bending or sagging of steel structural members, he/she should
Clear the area due to the potential for imminent collapse
Explain how laminated wood differs from woods panels
Laminated wood consists of individual pieces of wood glued together. Wood panels are produced by gluing together thin sheets of wood
Type 1 Construction is also referred to as
Fire Resistive
Type 1 buildings typically use reinforced
Concrete & protected steel frame construction
Type II construction is also referred to as
Non-combustible construction
Type III construction is also referred to as
Ordinary construction because its used in variety of buildings
Type III construction usually limited to
no more than four floors, it can sometimes be found in buildings as well as tall as six or seven stories
Type III buildings have separate fire loads
True
Type IV is also known as construction
Heavy timber
Describe V construction
All major components are constructed of wood or other combustible materials
Balloon-Frame construction is used for almost all modern wood-frame construction
False
The weight of the building itself is called the load. The weight of the building's content is called the load
Dead, Live
List three types of roofs
a. Pitched roof
b. Gable roofs
c. Hip roof
Explain advantages of conducting pre-incident planning
Allows fire department personal to determine the type of building construction. This helps you prepare quickly, safely, and effectively attack the fire. Allows the luxury of being at the building before a fire breaks
Through fire prevention efforts, citizens are encouraged to keep fire extinguishers in their home, particularly in their
Kitchens
Firefighters often use fire extinguishers to control large fires that require the use of a hose line as well
False
Explain the two purposes of portable fire extinguishers
Extinguisher incipient fires, and to control fire where traditional methods of fire suppression are not recommended
Identify the following:
a. Must be used on agents that will not conduct electricity
b. Involve flammable or combustible liquids
c. A relatively new classification of fires
d. Usually extinguished by water
e. Most often encountered in industrial occupancie
___ Class A Fires
___ Class C Fires
___ Class B Fires
___ Class D Fires
___ Class K Fires
Fire extinguisher classification uses and
letters and numbers
Explain the fire extinguisher rating system
Letter indicate the class of fire for which the extinguisher can be used, numbers indicates its effectiveness. Higher the number, the greater the extinguishing capability
Referring to the icons below, identify the 4 classes of fire
Three examples of light or low hazards are
Most offices, classrooms, churches, and assembly halls
Three typical examples of ordinary hazards are
retail stores, light manufacturing factories, and auto show rooms
Three typical examples of high hazards are
Wood making shops, service facilities, and kitchens
All fires require 3 basic ingredients:
Fuel, heat, and oxygen
Explain why a stream of water should not be applied to a fire that involves energized electrical equipment
Water can conduct electricity
Wetting agents can be added to the water in a fire extinguisher. Explain the purpose of these agents
Agents reduce the surface tension of the water, allowing it to penetrate more effectively into many fuels
Briefly explain the Montreal Protocol
1987 International Agreement limited the production of halogen agents because it damaged the ozone layer
Some portable fire extinguishers do not use pressure to expel its contents
False
Identity the following part of a portable fire extinguisher
a. Used to carry the extinguisher
b. The agent is expelled through it
c. The body of the extinguisher
__ Cylinder
__ Handle
__ Nozzle
Referring to the PASS acronym, list 4 basic steps of a fire extinguisher operation
Pull safety pin
Aim nozzle at the base of flame
Squeeze the trigger to spray agent
Sweep the nozzle across the base
When using a fire extinguisher, you should always approach the fire with an _____ behind you.
Exit
Rotating tools are used to assemble or
disassemble parts that are connected with threads or fasteners
Box-end Wrench
Hand tool with a closed end that is used to tighten or loosen bolts
Gripping pliers
hand tool with a closed end that is used to tighten or loosen bolts
Hydrant wrench
Hand tool used to operate the valves on a hydrant
Spanner wrench
Special wrench used to tighten or loosen hose couplings
Which tool is used primarily to pull down a ceiling to get to the seat of the fire
Pike Pole
Which tool is used primarily to pull the lock cylinder out of a door
K tool
Which tool is used to break tempered automobile glass
Spring-loaded center punch
A flat-head axe can be used as a striking tool or forcible entry. For this purpose, it is usually used in combination with a _______
Halligan tool
What are some disadvantages of using power saws?
Heavy to carry
Can be difficult to start
Require power
Come-Alongs are used for:
Lifting heavy objects or bending objects, and tripods
The basic set of tools for interior firefighting are
A. Prying tool, such as a halligan tool
B. Striking tool, such as flat head axe or sledgehammer
C. Cutting tool, such as an axe
D. Pushing/pulling tool, such as a pike pole
E. Hand light or portable light
Thermal imaging devices and life lines are used for search and rescue
True
Uses fans placed at selected openings to draw contaminated air out of a building
Negative-pressure ventilation
How does positive pressure fan differ from negative pressure fans
Positive pressure fan blows in fresh air; Negative pressure draws out smoke & contaminants
In vertical ventilation, opening in the roof, or the ______ of a building allows smoke to escape
Highest part
The maintenance of power equipment includes testing the equipment frequently and having it ______ regularly
Serviced
Ventilation tools should be cleaned according to instructions provided by the tool's
Manufacturer
After tools are cleaned, rust can be prevented by the tool completely
Drying
It is suggested that tools are painted to hide defects
False
Preparations for response do not include checking personal equipment
False
Firefighters must be ready to respond any time while on duty. This process begins by ______
Ensuring that your PPE is completely ready for use, and in good condition
After checking it, your PPE should be placed ______
In its designated location
List the minimum information that should be included in the dispatch
Location of incident
Type of Emergency
Units due to respond
Most volunteer fire fighters receive dispatch messages by
Pagers
PPE should be donned after mounting the apparatus
False
Which NFPA standard requires firefighters to be in their seats, whenever the vehicle is in motion:
1500
Firefighters who respond to emergency incidents in their personal vehicles must follow:
Specific laws and regulations of their state or province and follow SOP
The first unit on the scene has a dual responsibility. Explain this dual responsibility
Consider approaching traffic, focus on the emergency situation facing them
In addition to their normal PPE, fire fighters working at highway incidents should wear
High visibility vest
Explain the unacceptable activity of freelancing
Personnel should not dispatch to a scene unless told so. Arrive on scene and find something to do on their own
A personnel accountability system is used to
Track every firefighter at every incident scene
A special key or _______ _______ is needed to turn the handle of the shut-off valve for natural gas system.
Adjustable wrench
Explain how to determine whether the valve is open or closed
When the handle is in line with the pipe valve is open when the handle is at a right angle to the pipe the valve is open
Weather can present extreme challenges during firefighting efforts. Explain how high winds and high heat and humidity can contribute to challenges of firefighting efforts
High winds can cause rapid rapid extension of a fire to exposed building. High heat and humidity will effect firefighter performance
Older wooden buildings sometimes utilize ______construction. This can provide a path for the fire to _______
Balloon Frame, Spread rapidly into uninvolved areas
Combined with information about the building, direct ______will give the best information about the size and location of the fire
Visual observation
Inside a building, firefighters can use their observations and sensations to help them work safely and effectively. If smoke limits our visibility, explain what can assist us in indicating the seat of the fire
Crackling sound, sensation of heat coming from one direction
A reconnaissance report entails the ______ and exploration of a specific area
Inspection
Resources include all of the means that are available to fight a fire or conduct emergency operations at an emergency incident
True
In a mutual aid agreement, a fire department may be required to assist another department if
Situation requires more resources than the local community can provide
The incident action plan should be based on the five basic fire ground objectives.
A. Rescue victims
B. Protect Property
C. Confine the fire
D. Extinguish fire
E. Salvage property and overhaul fire
The highest priority in an emergency situation is _____ . The remaining priorities focus on _______ . This helps to ensure that the fire does not spread to any ______
Saving lives, saving property, exposure
A defensive attack is used with most small fires
False
Salvage includes the removal or protection of property that could be damaged during firefighting
True
Salvage is also conducted after a fire is under control to completely extinguish any remaining pockets of fire
False
List the two primary types of ropes used in the fire service
Utility Rope, Life Safety Rope
Which of the two types of fire service ropes is used solely for supporting people?
One/two person life safety rope
A personal escape rope is intended to be used by a firefighter for rescuing him and his team mate.
False
Fire department utility rope is used for marking off areas: List 2 more uses.
Lowering or hoisting equipment, Stabilizing objects
The most common synthetic fiber used in life safety rope is
Nylon
_______ rope is constructed by weaving or intertwining strands together
Braided Ropes
The Kern and mantle are the two distinct parts of a _______ rope. The kern provides about _______ % of the rope's strength, while the mantle provides the remaining _________ %
70, 30
How a rope reacts to a load determines whether it is dynamic or static
True
Briefly explain how rope should be cleaned.
Wash the rope with mild soap and water
Use a rope washer or machine if recommended by ropes manufacturer
Air dry rope out of direct sunlight
A rope that has a knot placed in it has not lost any load carrying capacity
False
Which knot should be used to finish other basic knots?
Safety Knot
Which type of knot is freq/uently used to secure the end of a rope to an object
Bowline
The ______ ______ or Becket Bend can be used to join two ropes of _________ size
Sheet Bend, Unequal size
Briefly explain how to properly "dress" a knot:
Tightening and removing twists, kinks and slack from the rope
An axe should be hoisted in a vertical position with the head of the axe up
False - Down
A pike pole should be hoisted in a vertical position with the head at the bottom so it can be immediately used
False - Top
When hoisting a ladder, a tag line should be attached to the top to keep the ladder under control
True
It is usually preferable to hoist a wet hose line
False - Dry
Define forcible entry
Gaining entry to a structure when normal means of entry are locked, secured, or obstructed
Before beginning forcible entry, we must remember to "__________________
Try before you pry
It is not necessary for firefighters to wear full set of PPE when conducting forcible entry during fire suppression operations:
False
Briefly discuss some of the general tips for using tools:
Always wear PPE
Learn to recognize the materials used in building and lock on structure and the appropriate tools & techniques used
Keep all the tools clean, properly serviced according to the manufacturer's guidelines
Do not leave tools lying on the grou
Forcible entry tools can be classified into 4 categories;
Striking tools
Prying/ Spreading tools
Cutting tools
Lock tools
List the three types of wood swinging doors that are discontinued
Slab, Ledge, Panel
Identify the following tools:
a. Designed to cut into a lock cylinder
b. used to cut metal components such as bolts and chain link fences
c. Multipurpose tool that can be used to cut or force open doors
d. A tool created by paring a halligan with a flat-h
Battering Ram
Sledgehammer
Irons
Pry Axe
Bolt Cutters
K tool, A tool, and J tool
Wood frame doors come in two styles
Stopped, Rabbet
Briefly explain how to force entry into an inward-opening door
Simple solution to gaining entry through inward door maybe to break a small window on the adjacent side to it, reach inside, and operate the locking mechanism. "Try before you pry
Before forcing entry to an outward-opening door, check the hinges to see if they can be disassembled or the pins removed. If that wold take too long, you should:
Put end of a prying tool into the door frame near the locking mechanism. Use a striking tool to drive further into door jamb leverage the tool to force the door outward away
Most sliding doors are constructed of __________ glass in a wooden or ________ frame
Tempered, metal
When forcing entry through a double hung windows, briefly explain why the technique must be done carefully to avoid shattering glass
Place a prying tool under the lower sash & force it up to break the lock or remove it from the track
How does casement window differ from a jalousie or awning window?
Casement windows have a side hinge, rather than a top hinge
Identify the following parts of a door
a. Parts of the lock that "catches" and holds the door frame
b. The handle or doorknob that turns the latch to lock it or unlock it
c. A second, separate latch that locks and reinforces the regular latch
Deadbolt
Latch
Operator Lever
Before a wall is breached, we most first consider _______
Load Bearing
Briefly explain the firefighters duties when the operations is over and normal salvage and overhaul begin
The structure must be secured before firefighters leave
Ladders can provide access to an area or _____ from an area
Egress
A roof ladder provides _______ _______ and distributes the weight of the firefighter during _______ operations
Stable Roofs, Pitched Roofs
Describe the basic ladder components
a. Beam
b. Rail
c. Rung
d. Tip
e. Butt
f. Roof Hooks
g. Heat Sensor Label
One of the two main structural components that run the entire length of the ladder
Top or bottom section of a trussed beam
Crosspiece that spans the two beams of a ladder
Very top of ladder
The end of the ladder that is placed against the ground when the
Identify the following components of an extension ladder
a. Pieces of wood or metal that prevent the fly section from overextending
b. A small grooved wheel that is used to change the direction of the halyard
c. The part of the ladder that is raised or ex
Pulley
Fly section
Bed section
Halyard
Stops
Provide a basic description of a roof ladder:
(sometimes called hook ladder) straight ladder that is equipped with retractable hooks at one end. The hooks secure the tip of the ladder to the peak of a pitched roof, so the ladder lies flat on the roof
How does an extension ladder differ from a roof ladder
Adjustable length ladder with multiple sections, usually heavier then straight ladder and require more than one person
Identify the following types of portable ladders:
a. A single section, fixed length ladder
b. Sometimes called a hook ladder
c. An adjustable length ladder with multiple sections
d. Equipped with stay-poles for added stability
e. Also called an attic ladd
Roof ladder
Extension ladder
Bangor ladder
Straight ladder
Folding ladder
Before climbing a ladder, you should ensure that it is set at the proper climbing angle, which is approximately _______ degrees
75
To minimize the risk of falling, firefighters working from a ladder should use a ______ ______ or a _____ _____ to secure themselves
Safety Belt, Leg Cork
Briefly describe the placement of a ladder for the following operations
Roof operations:
For access through a window
For rescue operations
Tip should extend several feet above the roof line
Placed next to window, with ladder top even with the top of window
Tip of the ladder should be immediately below the window sill which prevents the ladder from obstructing the window
A straight ladder is carried with the tip end first
False - Butt
A roof ladder is carried with the tip end first
True
When three firefighters are carrying a ladder, all three should stand on the same side of the ladder
True
Describe the starting position for three firefighters who are preparing to carry a ladder using a flat carry
The carry begins with the bed section of the ladder flat on the ground. Two firefighters stand on one side of the ladder, with one at the butt and one at the tip. The third firefighter stands on the opposite side if the ladder near the center
When tying the halyard, a ________ is tied around the upper rung and vertical section of the halyard
Clove Hitch
When raising the fly section of an extension ladder, it is permissible to wrap the halyard around your hand
False
The best method to securing a ladder is to secure the _____ and the _____
Tip, Base
When firefighters carry a tool while climbing a ladder, describe the placement of hand and feet
Prepare to climb the ladder by placing the tool in one hand & holding it against the beam of ladder, wrap the other hand around opposite beam and begin climbing. Maintain contact between your free and and the beam by sliding the tool along the beam while
A ladder can be used to create a bridge across a small opening
True
Which ladder may be the most well suited for accessing a roof top about 12 feet from the ground? Why (General opinion)
Bangor ladder would be best suited due to length and added stability by stay-poles. ( My chosen answer)
Define the terms search and rescue
Search - Looks for victims who need assistance to leave dangerous area. Rescue involves the physical removal of a person from confinement or danger
The IC must weigh the risk to the firefighters against the possibility of saving anyone inside before authorizing an interior search. Explain the risk benefit analysis concept
Search and rescue ops must be limited or impossible in some situations. Risk of firefighters might be too high and possibility of saving someone is low
When a building is known to be occupied, firefighter should first rescue the occupants ___________, followed by those in less danger
Who are in the most immediate danger
List the factors that are considered in the search and rescue size up
Occupancy
Size if the building
Construction of the building
Time of day and day of week
Number of occupants
Degree of risk to occupants
Ability for occupants to exit
Search areas should be based on a system of priorities. The first priority is to search ___________, and then the ________
The area immediately around the fire, rest of the floor
A secondary search is a quick attempt to locate any potential victims who are in danger
False - Primary
A primary search is conducted after the fire is under control
False
Children who try to escape a fire may try to hide in a closet or under a bed, while adults who try to escape are often found near doors or windoes
True
As you search, what can you use to extend your reach, sweeping ahead and to the sides as you crawl?
Hand Tools
Explain how to use a clockwise search pattern
Firefighters turn left at the entry point, keep left, keeping hand contact with wall, use right hand to sweep room
Explain how to use a counterclockwise search pattern
Moves around the room opposite direction
A thermal imaging camera can be set to distinguish small temperature differences
True
Describe the major benefit of using the thermal imaging device
It can see the image of a person in conditions of total darkness or through smoke
Explain how a hose line can be used to guide searchers out of a building
Searchers can follow the hose line to a coupling, feel the coupling to determine the male and female ends, and then follow the direction of the male end
During rescue, sometimes it is better to move the victim to a safe area first, and then provide any necessary medical treatment
True
The most efficient method to remove an unconscious or unresponsive victim from a dangerous location is a
Drag
The _______ drag can be used if the victim is heavier than the rescuer. Why?
Firefighter
It does not require lifting or carrying the victim
Ladder rescue begins with the proper _________.
Placement of the ladder
When rescuing an unconscious person from a window, the victim's back should be _________, so that the victim is _______ with the firefighter on the ladder.
Toward the ladder, face to face
When rescuing an unconscious child or small adult from a window, the victim can be __________ during the rescue
Carried across firefighters arms
Ladders should be considered for removing victims even before a fire escape is considered
False
Define fire service ventilation
Process of removing smoke, heat, and toxic gas from a burning building replacing than with cool clean oxygen
When fire is inside a building, the structure acts as a ______ or box trapping the _________
Container, Products of combustion
How does backdraft differ from flashover
Backdraft occurs when a building is charged with hot gases and most oxygen has been consumed, fresh oxygen will cause gases to ignite.
Flashover occurs when air in a room is very hot, exposed combustibles in the space are near their ignition point
Mushroom is basically the process of
Spreading and baking down
Explain the principle of heated products of combustion escaping from a room as they spread throughout a building
As they spread throughout a building - smoke, heat, and toxic gases will spread horizontally, along the ceiling, until they find a path such as a stairway, elevator shaft, or pipe chase that allows them to reach higher levels
To help eliminate potential back draft, a ventilation opening can be placed
On the roof or high as possible
Identify the following
a. Convection
b. Gusset Plates
c. Positive Pressure Ventilation
d. Horizontal Ventilation
e. Vertical Ventilation
f. Negative pressure ventilation
g. Fire resistive construction
h. Ordinary construction
i. Negative ventilation
j. Hy
The transfer of heat through a circulating medium of liquid or gases
Building in which all of the structural components are made of non combustible materials
Using fans to draw or pull smoke through openings
Uses water streams from the hose line to exhaus
Describe how to recognize a fire involving petroleum products
Will produce a large quantity of black rolling smoke that rises in a vertical column
Sometimes firefighters can create a simple outlet for horizontal ventilation by opening a ______ or _______
Door, Window
Natural ventilation depends on natural movements
True
Explain the disadvantages of positive pressure ventilation
Most important concern is the potential for improper use of positive pressure to spread a fire
List the 6 steps to perform negative pressure ventilation
Determine the area to be ventilated and outside wind
Place smoke ejector so that in it will exhaust on the leeward side of building
Hang fan as high in the selected opening as possible
Remove any obstructions from area used to ventilate smoke
Use salvage
If a firefighter is concerned about the stability of the roof, explain how he/she can test the stability of the roof
Sounding is away to test the stability of a roof with a tool such as an axe or pike tool ...
Ventilating the basement and high rise buildings present individual challenges for firefighters. Describe how effectively ventilate these two challenges
For basements, open or break any windows or doors combination of ventilation. Direct path used to push out through window or door. In high rise, key objective is to manage the air movement in stairway, and elevator shaft. Positive pressure ventilation can
What is the general water capacity difference between most fire department engines and fore department tanker
Fire department engines carry at least 500gals
Fire department tanker 100 to 3500gals
Fire hydrant outlets are sized to the _____ or larger fire hose
21/2
When shutting down a hydrant, if you feel suction on your hand when you place it over the opening, the hydrant is ______
Draining
NFPA standard a class B-fire hydrant is:
green and flows 500 - 999 gpm
NFPA standard a class A-fire hydrant is:
green and flows 1000 - 1499 gpm
NFPA standard a class C-fire hydrant is:
Red and flows <500 gpm
AA-fire hydrant flows
1500 gpm and higher
NFPA 24, requires hydrants to be installed so that there is a minimum of ____ inches from the _____ of the hose outlet to the finish grade
18, center
The recommended minimum pressure for water coming from a fire hydrant is ______ , it is, however possible to operate with a lower hydrant pressure under ________
20 psi, some circumstances
Identify the following
a. Dump valves
b. Dry barrel hydrant
c. Steamer connection
d. Dry hydrant
e. Normal operating pressure
f. Mobile water supply apparatus
g. Flow pressure
h. Residual pressure
__The amount of pressure that remains in the system when water is flowing
__Enables the tanker to top off-load as much as 3,000 gallons of water in 1 minute
__The amount of pressure in a water distribution system during a period of normal consumption
__Of
All hydrants should be checked at least every two years
true or false
False, Once a year
Water that is not moving has ______ energy. ______ pressure is the pressure in a system when the water is not moving. Static pressure is ______ energy. Static pressure is generally created by ____ pressure. ______ also creates elevation pressure in a wate
Potential, Static, Potential, Elevation, Gravity
If effective, a tanker shuttle can deliver several hundred galls of water per minute without interruption True or False
True
The flow available for fire suppression is usually defined as the number of gallons per minute available at ___ psi residual pressure
20
Briefly explain the procedures for setting up a portable tank
Two firefighters left the portable tank off the apparatus. The tank may be mounted on a side rack or on a hydraulic rack that lowers it to the ground. Place the portable tank on level ground beside the engine. The pump operator will indicate the best loca
The NFPA Standard that defines the training and performance for the fire fighters is_________. Age and education requirements are established______ .
NFPA 1001, Locally
Age and education requirements are established ________.
Locally
A Driver/Operator may also be called an __________ or ____________
Engineer, Technician
The company officer is usually a ___________ or __________.
Lieutenant or Captain
The individual who is responsible for the overall management of incident operations is the _________.
Safety Officer
The public information officer serves as the ________ between the IC and the _________.
Liaison, News Media
The fire protection engineer reviews plans and works with __________ to ensure the function of detection systems.
Building Owners
SOP is the acronym for ___________
Standard Operating Procedures
SOG is the acronym for ___________
Suggested Operating Guidelines
An engine company is responsible for securing _________ and deploying _________
Water Source, Hand-Lines
A truck company is also called a _________ _________
Ladder Company
The _________ company is usually responsible for rescuing victims
Rescue
The ___________ company responds to and controls scenes involving spilled or leaking hazardous chemicals
Hazard Materials
Within the chain of command, fire fighters usually report to a _________
Lieutenant
Captains report directly to a _________
Chief
The fire service draws its authority from the _______ entity responsible for protecting the public
Governing
Who should firefighters consider themselves working for?
Tax paying citizens who fund the department
The fire department uses __________ style of leadership
Paramilitary
Describe the concept of discipline:
Set guidelines the department establishes. Regulations, policies, and procedures are forms of discipline, that outline how things are to be done.
What is Unity of Command
The idea that each fire fighter answers to only one supervisor, each supervisor answers to only one boss
What is meant of span of control
Number of people whom one person can supervise effectively
What historical events took place in the years 24 B.C. and 60 A.D.
Roman Emperor Augustus Caesar created what is known as the first fire department.
Corps of Vigiles established, adopting formal rank structure of the Roman Legion which is still used today
The first document structure fire in North America occurred in what year?
1607 Jamestown, Virginia
The Chief's bugle became a symbol of ________
Authority
Fire insurance was established in England after the _______ in 1666
Great Fire of London
A historical event took place in 1736. What was it and where did it occur?
First fire insurance company was established in Charleston, SC
During a serious incident, the Safety Officer is responsible for evaluating hazards, and recommending __________ to the IC
Appropriate safety measures
Additionally each injury or accident must be __________
Thoroughly investigated and learned why it happened and how to avoid it
Freelancing is ________
Acting independently of orders or SOPs or SOGs
At the emergency, the safety officer reports to the _________
IC
How much time should all firefighters spend in physical training each day?
one hour daily
Explain how safety during training develops the proper working habits:
Developing the proper working habits during training courses helps ensure safety later
Teamwork is vital. What should take place if any member of the team becomes fatigued or must leave the training area:
Notify the instructor or safety officer . EMS will be on standby to perform examination & refer further treatment
Who does safe driving begin with?
You
A firefighting team should always consist of ________ who work together and are in ________
Two Firefighters, Constant contact with each other
At an emergency incident, if one member of the team must leave the building, what must the rest of the team do
Entire team must leave
An accountability system should record
Individual assigned to each company, crew, or entry teams
If a Safety Officer is not on the scene, another person should
be assigned to monitor the atmosphere for the presence of carbon dioxide
If a single firefighter has to lift something that is very heavy, he/she should
Never bend by the waist to lift an object
Bending should be done by
The knees and use legs to lift, never by the waist
The systematic process that provides periods of rest and recovery is
Rehabilitation
What are some of the signs of heat stroke
Lack of sweat, low blood pressure, shallow breathing, and seizures
How much of the body should a firefighter's structural firefighting gear cover?
Every inch of the body
The protective hood provides additional thermal protection for which area of the body
Ears and neck when flexed
Explain the purpose of the PASS
Electronic device that sounds a loud audible signal when the firefighter is trapped or disabled
The time period that a firefighter should be able to don his/her PPC is
1 minute
One limitation of an SCBA is the physical limitations of the user. Another is psychological limitations of the
User
SCBA Harness
Consists of the straps and fasteners to adjust the SCBA
SCBA Nose Cup
Helps prevent fogging of the clear leans
SCBA Air Cylinder
Holds the breathing air
SCBA Emergency Bypass
Used only if the regulator malfunctions
SCBA Pressure Gauge
Shows the amount of pressure in the cylinder
SCBA Regulator
Controls the air flow to the user
When checking the SCBA, the air cylinder should be at least of rated pressure
90%
In addition to dispatching units and communicating to them, the communications center also can track the ___ and ___ of every fire department unit
Location, Status
A Telecommunicator is an employee who staffs a . They are also known as
Communication Center, Dispatch
Sometimes a caller may be highly stressed or in extreme danger. The telecommunicator must have the ability to ____ with citizens to obtain critical information
Communicate Effectively
NFPA 1061 is the Standard for
Installation, Maintenance, and use of Emergency Services Communication System
CAD is the acronym for
Computer Aided Dispatch
In general, the accepted performance objective, from the time a call reaches the until the , 1 minute or less
Communication Center, Units are dispatched
PSAP is the acronym for
Public Safety Answering Point
Five major steps for processing an emergency incident
1) Call Receipt
2) Location Validation
3) Classification & Prioritization
4) Unit Selection
5) Dispatch
The important step of actually alerting the units to respond and transmitting the information to them is
Dispatch
In addition to following SOP's, telecommunicator must use listening to interpret information
Active
If a telecommunicator is unable to return the call and reach the original caller, he/she will usually ____ to the location to determine
Dispatch a police officer, if more help is needed
Sometimes caller may raise their voices or shout - the telecommunicator should never argue with the caller and continue to speak ____and___ remain at all times
Calmly, Professional
TDD is the acronym for
Telecommunication for the Deaf
Occasionally, the communications center may receive call about an issue that cannot be handled by the fire department. In this case the telecommunicator should
Make every effort to accommodate the caller, if possible, transfer the caller to the proper agency
Two-way radios are more powerful than mobile radios
False
Mobile radios are powered by the vehicle's electrical system
True
FCC is the acronym for the
Federal Communication Commission
Explain emergency traffic
Urgent message that takes priority over all other communications
Explain the purpose of an evacuation signal
Warn all personnel to pull back to safe location
Fire is a rapid
Chemical process that produces heat and usually light
The three conditions needed for a fire to occur are
Oxygen, Fuel, Heat
The Tetrahedron is a , three dimensional figure =. In addition to heat, fuel, oxygen, it includes a reaction
Four Sided, Chemical Reaction
Explain the process of oxidation
Oxygen combines chemically with another substance to create a new compound
Smoke may also contain droplets of liquid
True
Conduction
The transfer of energy directly from one molecule to another
Radiation
The transfer of heat through the emission of energy in the form of invisible waves
Convection
The circular movement that occurs in a gas or fluid
Identify the phases of a fire
a. The last phase of a fire
b. Large amounts of materials in the room are undergoing pyrolysis
c. Occurs as the kindling starts to burn and convention increases
d. The flame begins small with a localized flame
b. Fully developed
d. Ignition
a. Decay
c. Growth Phase
The most common method used to extinguish a fire is to
Cool burning material
A class A fire involves
Ordinary solid combustibles
A class B fire involves
Flammable or combustible liquid
A class C fire involves
Electrical Equipment
A class D fire involves
Combustible Metals
A class K fire involves
Combustible Cooking Oil or Fat
Explain the concept that solid fuels do not actually burn in the solid state:
Solid fuel must instead be heated or pyrolysis to decompose it into vapor before it will burn
Explain the difference between Flashover and Flameover
Flashover is when temperature in a room reaches a point where combustible material ignite at once.
Flameover is flaming ignition of hot gases that are layered in a developing room
List the seven signs and symptoms of impending back draft:
Any confined fire with large heat build up
Little visible flame from exterior
Smoke puffing from building that looks like it is breathing
Smoke that seems to be pressurized
Smoke stained windows
Turbulent smoke
Ugly yellowish smoke
The weight of air has the value of 1
True
Gas vapor density of less than 1 will settle close the the ground
False
BLEVE stands for
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion.
A BLEVE occurs when
Liquid fuel is stored in a vessel under pressure
Explain the concept of reading smoke if smoke thins when the door is opened, but smoke still fills the door
The fire is probably below the level of the opening
Occupancy refers to
How a building is used
Combustibility is a characteristic that describes how readily material conduct heat
False
A fire wall helps to prevent
The spread of a fire from one side of the wall to the other
Under tension, concrete is strong
False
Concrete cannot be damaged by fire
False
Explain Spalling
As steam expands, it creates internal pressure that can cause section to break off
The strongest bulding material in common use is
Steel
Failure of steel depends on:
A. The mass of the steel components
B. Loads placed upon them
C. Methods used to connect the steel pieces
If a firefighter observes any sign of bending or sagging of steel structural members, he/she should
Clear the area due to the potential for imminent collapse
Explain how laminated wood differs from woods panels
Laminated wood consists of individual pieces of wood glued together. Wood panels are produced by gluing together thin sheets of wood
Type 1 Construction is also referred to as
Fire Resistive
Type 1 buildings typically use reinforced
Concrete & protected steel frame construction
Type II construction is also referred to as
Non-combustible construction
Type III construction is also referred to as
Ordinary construction because its used in variety of buildings
Type III construction usually limited to
no more than four floors, it can sometimes be found in buildings as well as tall as six or seven stories
Type III buildings have separate fire loads
True
Type IV is also known as construction
Heavy timber
Describe V construction
All major components are constructed of wood or other combustible materials
Balloon-Frame construction is used for almost all modern wood-frame construction
False
The weight of the building itself is called the load. The weight of the building's content is called the load
Dead, Live
List three types of roofs
a. Pitched roof
b. Gable roofs
c. Hip roof
Explain advantages of conducting pre-incident planning
Allows fire department personal to determine the type of building construction. This helps you prepare quickly, safely, and effectively attack the fire. Allows the luxury of being at the building before a fire breaks
Through fire prevention efforts, citizens are encouraged to keep fire extinguishers in their home, particularly in their
Kitchens
Firefighters often use fire extinguishers to control large fires that require the use of a hose line as well
False
Explain the two purposes of portable fire extinguishers
Extinguisher incipient fires, and to control fire where traditional methods of fire suppression are not recommended
Identify the following:
a. Must be used on agents that will not conduct electricity
b. Involve flammable or combustible liquids
c. A relatively new classification of fires
d. Usually extinguished by water
e. Most often encountered in industrial occupancie
___ Class A Fires
___ Class C Fires
___ Class B Fires
___ Class D Fires
___ Class K Fires
Fire extinguisher classification uses and
letters and numbers
Explain the fire extinguisher rating system
Letter indicate the class of fire for which the extinguisher can be used, numbers indicates its effectiveness. Higher the number, the greater the extinguishing capability
Referring to the icons below, identify the 4 classes of fire
Three examples of light or low hazards are
Most offices, classrooms, churches, and assembly halls
Three typical examples of ordinary hazards are
retail stores, light manufacturing factories, and auto show rooms
Three typical examples of high hazards are
Wood making shops, service facilities, and kitchens
All fires require 3 basic ingredients:
Fuel, heat, and oxygen
Explain why a stream of water should not be applied to a fire that involves energized electrical equipment
Water can conduct electricity
Wetting agents can be added to the water in a fire extinguisher. Explain the purpose of these agents
Agents reduce the surface tension of the water, allowing it to penetrate more effectively into many fuels
Briefly explain the Montreal Protocol
1987 International Agreement limited the production of halogen agents because it damaged the ozone layer
Some portable fire extinguishers do not use pressure to expel its contents
False
Identity the following part of a portable fire extinguisher
a. Used to carry the extinguisher
b. The agent is expelled through it
c. The body of the extinguisher
__ Cylinder
__ Handle
__ Nozzle
Referring to the PASS acronym, list 4 basic steps of a fire extinguisher operation
Pull safety pin
Aim nozzle at the base of flame
Squeeze the trigger to spray agent
Sweep the nozzle across the base
When using a fire extinguisher, you should always approach the fire with an _____ behind you.
Exit
Rotating tools are used to assemble or
disassemble parts that are connected with threads or fasteners
Box-end Wrench
Hand tool with a closed end that is used to tighten or loosen bolts
Gripping pliers
hand tool with a closed end that is used to tighten or loosen bolts
Hydrant wrench
Hand tool used to operate the valves on a hydrant
Spanner wrench
Special wrench used to tighten or loosen hose couplings
Which tool is used primarily to pull down a ceiling to get to the seat of the fire
Pike Pole
Which tool is used primarily to pull the lock cylinder out of a door
K tool
Which tool is used to break tempered automobile glass
Spring-loaded center punch
A flat-head axe can be used as a striking tool or forcible entry. For this purpose, it is usually used in combination with a _______
Halligan tool
What are some disadvantages of using power saws?
Heavy to carry
Can be difficult to start
Require power
Come-Alongs are used for:
Lifting heavy objects or bending objects, and tripods
The basic set of tools for interior firefighting are
A. Prying tool, such as a halligan tool
B. Striking tool, such as flat head axe or sledgehammer
C. Cutting tool, such as an axe
D. Pushing/pulling tool, such as a pike pole
E. Hand light or portable light
Thermal imaging devices and life lines are used for search and rescue
True
Uses fans placed at selected openings to draw contaminated air out of a building
Negative-pressure ventilation
How does positive pressure fan differ from negative pressure fans
Positive pressure fan blows in fresh air; Negative pressure draws out smoke & contaminants
In vertical ventilation, opening in the roof, or the ______ of a building allows smoke to escape
Highest part
The maintenance of power equipment includes testing the equipment frequently and having it ______ regularly
Serviced
Ventilation tools should be cleaned according to instructions provided by the tool's
Manufacturer
After tools are cleaned, rust can be prevented by the tool completely
Drying
It is suggested that tools are painted to hide defects
False
Preparations for response do not include checking personal equipment
False
Firefighters must be ready to respond any time while on duty. This process begins by ______
Ensuring that your PPE is completely ready for use, and in good condition
After checking it, your PPE should be placed ______
In its designated location
List the minimum information that should be included in the dispatch
Location of incident
Type of Emergency
Units due to respond
Most volunteer fire fighters receive dispatch messages by
Pagers
PPE should be donned after mounting the apparatus
False
Which NFPA standard requires firefighters to be in their seats, whenever the vehicle is in motion:
1500
Firefighters who respond to emergency incidents in their personal vehicles must follow:
Specific laws and regulations of their state or province and follow SOP
The first unit on the scene has a dual responsibility. Explain this dual responsibility
Consider approaching traffic, focus on the emergency situation facing them
In addition to their normal PPE, fire fighters working at highway incidents should wear
High visibility vest
Explain the unacceptable activity of freelancing
Personnel should not dispatch to a scene unless told so. Arrive on scene and find something to do on their own
A personnel accountability system is used to
Track every firefighter at every incident scene
A special key or _______ _______ is needed to turn the handle of the shut-off valve for natural gas system.
Adjustable wrench
Explain how to determine whether the valve is open or closed
When the handle is in line with the pipe valve is open when the handle is at a right angle to the pipe the valve is open
Weather can present extreme challenges during firefighting efforts. Explain how high winds and high heat and humidity can contribute to challenges of firefighting efforts
High winds can cause rapid rapid extension of a fire to exposed building. High heat and humidity will effect firefighter performance
Older wooden buildings sometimes utilize ______construction. This can provide a path for the fire to _______
Balloon Frame, Spread rapidly into uninvolved areas
Combined with information about the building, direct ______will give the best information about the size and location of the fire
Visual observation
Inside a building, firefighters can use their observations and sensations to help them work safely and effectively. If smoke limits our visibility, explain what can assist us in indicating the seat of the fire
Crackling sound, sensation of heat coming from one direction
A reconnaissance report entails the ______ and exploration of a specific area
Inspection
Resources include all of the means that are available to fight a fire or conduct emergency operations at an emergency incident
True
In a mutual aid agreement, a fire department may be required to assist another department if
Situation requires more resources than the local community can provide
The incident action plan should be based on the five basic fire ground objectives.
A. Rescue victims
B. Protect Property
C. Confine the fire
D. Extinguish fire
E. Salvage property and overhaul fire
The highest priority in an emergency situation is _____ . The remaining priorities focus on _______ . This helps to ensure that the fire does not spread to any ______
Saving lives, saving property, exposure
A defensive attack is used with most small fires
False
Salvage includes the removal or protection of property that could be damaged during firefighting
True
Salvage is also conducted after a fire is under control to completely extinguish any remaining pockets of fire
False
List the two primary types of ropes used in the fire service
Utility Rope, Life Safety Rope
Which of the two types of fire service ropes is used solely for supporting people?
One/two person life safety rope
A personal escape rope is intended to be used by a firefighter for rescuing him and his team mate.
False
Fire department utility rope is used for marking off areas: List 2 more uses.
Lowering or hoisting equipment, Stabilizing objects
The most common synthetic fiber used in life safety rope is
Nylon
_______ rope is constructed by weaving or intertwining strands together
Braided Ropes
The Kern and mantle are the two distinct parts of a _______ rope. The kern provides about _______ % of the rope's strength, while the mantle provides the remaining _________ %
70, 30
How a rope reacts to a load determines whether it is dynamic or static
True
Briefly explain how rope should be cleaned.
Wash the rope with mild soap and water
Use a rope washer or machine if recommended by ropes manufacturer
Air dry rope out of direct sunlight
A rope that has a knot placed in it has not lost any load carrying capacity
False
Which knot should be used to finish other basic knots?
Safety Knot
Which type of knot is freq/uently used to secure the end of a rope to an object
Bowline
The ______ ______ or Becket Bend can be used to join two ropes of _________ size
Sheet Bend, Unequal size
Briefly explain how to properly "dress" a knot:
Tightening and removing twists, kinks and slack from the rope
An axe should be hoisted in a vertical position with the head of the axe up
False - Down
A pike pole should be hoisted in a vertical position with the head at the bottom so it can be immediately used
False - Top
When hoisting a ladder, a tag line should be attached to the top to keep the ladder under control
True
It is usually preferable to hoist a wet hose line
False - Dry
Define forcible entry
Gaining entry to a structure when normal means of entry are locked, secured, or obstructed
Before beginning forcible entry, we must remember to "__________________
Try before you pry
It is not necessary for firefighters to wear full set of PPE when conducting forcible entry during fire suppression operations:
False
Briefly discuss some of the general tips for using tools:
Always wear PPE
Learn to recognize the materials used in building and lock on structure and the appropriate tools & techniques used
Keep all the tools clean, properly serviced according to the manufacturer's guidelines
Do not leave tools lying on the grou
Forcible entry tools can be classified into 4 categories;
Striking tools
Prying/ Spreading tools
Cutting tools
Lock tools
List the three types of wood swinging doors that are discontinued
Slab, Ledge, Panel
Identify the following tools:
a. Designed to cut into a lock cylinder
b. used to cut metal components such as bolts and chain link fences
c. Multipurpose tool that can be used to cut or force open doors
d. A tool created by paring a halligan with a flat-h
Battering Ram
Sledgehammer
Irons
Pry Axe
Bolt Cutters
K tool, A tool, and J tool
Wood frame doors come in two styles
Stopped, Rabbet
Briefly explain how to force entry into an inward-opening door
Simple solution to gaining entry through inward door maybe to break a small window on the adjacent side to it, reach inside, and operate the locking mechanism. "Try before you pry
Before forcing entry to an outward-opening door, check the hinges to see if they can be disassembled or the pins removed. If that wold take too long, you should:
Put end of a prying tool into the door frame near the locking mechanism. Use a striking tool to drive further into door jamb leverage the tool to force the door outward away
Most sliding doors are constructed of __________ glass in a wooden or ________ frame
Tempered, metal
When forcing entry through a double hung windows, briefly explain why the technique must be done carefully to avoid shattering glass
Place a prying tool under the lower sash & force it up to break the lock or remove it from the track
How does casement window differ from a jalousie or awning window?
Casement windows have a side hinge, rather than a top hinge
Identify the following parts of a door
a. Parts of the lock that "catches" and holds the door frame
b. The handle or doorknob that turns the latch to lock it or unlock it
c. A second, separate latch that locks and reinforces the regular latch
Deadbolt
Latch
Operator Lever
Before a wall is breached, we most first consider _______
Load Bearing
Briefly explain the firefighters duties when the operations is over and normal salvage and overhaul begin
The structure must be secured before firefighters leave
Ladders can provide access to an area or _____ from an area
Egress
A roof ladder provides _______ _______ and distributes the weight of the firefighter during _______ operations
Stable Roofs, Pitched Roofs
Describe the basic ladder components
a. Beam
b. Rail
c. Rung
d. Tip
e. Butt
f. Roof Hooks
g. Heat Sensor Label
One of the two main structural components that run the entire length of the ladder
Top or bottom section of a trussed beam
Crosspiece that spans the two beams of a ladder
Very top of ladder
The end of the ladder that is placed against the ground when the
Identify the following components of an extension ladder
a. Pieces of wood or metal that prevent the fly section from overextending
b. A small grooved wheel that is used to change the direction of the halyard
c. The part of the ladder that is raised or ex
Pulley
Fly section
Bed section
Halyard
Stops
Provide a basic description of a roof ladder:
(sometimes called hook ladder) straight ladder that is equipped with retractable hooks at one end. The hooks secure the tip of the ladder to the peak of a pitched roof, so the ladder lies flat on the roof
How does an extension ladder differ from a roof ladder
Adjustable length ladder with multiple sections, usually heavier then straight ladder and require more than one person
Identify the following types of portable ladders:
a. A single section, fixed length ladder
b. Sometimes called a hook ladder
c. An adjustable length ladder with multiple sections
d. Equipped with stay-poles for added stability
e. Also called an attic ladd
Roof ladder
Extension ladder
Bangor ladder
Straight ladder
Folding ladder
Before climbing a ladder, you should ensure that it is set at the proper climbing angle, which is approximately _______ degrees
75
To minimize the risk of falling, firefighters working from a ladder should use a ______ ______ or a _____ _____ to secure themselves
Safety Belt, Leg Cork
Briefly describe the placement of a ladder for the following operations
Roof operations:
For access through a window
For rescue operations
Tip should extend several feet above the roof line
Placed next to window, with ladder top even with the top of window
Tip of the ladder should be immediately below the window sill which prevents the ladder from obstructing the window
A straight ladder is carried with the tip end first
False - Butt
A roof ladder is carried with the tip end first
True
When three firefighters are carrying a ladder, all three should stand on the same side of the ladder
True
Describe the starting position for three firefighters who are preparing to carry a ladder using a flat carry
The carry begins with the bed section of the ladder flat on the ground. Two firefighters stand on one side of the ladder, with one at the butt and one at the tip. The third firefighter stands on the opposite side if the ladder near the center
When tying the halyard, a ________ is tied around the upper rung and vertical section of the halyard
Clove Hitch
When raising the fly section of an extension ladder, it is permissible to wrap the halyard around your hand
False
The best method to securing a ladder is to secure the _____ and the _____
Tip, Base
When firefighters carry a tool while climbing a ladder, describe the placement of hand and feet
Prepare to climb the ladder by placing the tool in one hand & holding it against the beam of ladder, wrap the other hand around opposite beam and begin climbing. Maintain contact between your free and and the beam by sliding the tool along the beam while
A ladder can be used to create a bridge across a small opening
True
Which ladder may be the most well suited for accessing a roof top about 12 feet from the ground? Why (General opinion)
Bangor ladder would be best suited due to length and added stability by stay-poles. ( My chosen answer)
Define the terms search and rescue
Search - Looks for victims who need assistance to leave dangerous area. Rescue involves the physical removal of a person from confinement or danger
The IC must weigh the risk to the firefighters against the possibility of saving anyone inside before authorizing an interior search. Explain the risk benefit analysis concept
Search and rescue ops must be limited or impossible in some situations. Risk of firefighters might be too high and possibility of saving someone is low
When a building is known to be occupied, firefighter should first rescue the occupants ___________, followed by those in less danger
Who are in the most immediate danger
List the factors that are considered in the search and rescue size up
Occupancy
Size if the building
Construction of the building
Time of day and day of week
Number of occupants
Degree of risk to occupants
Ability for occupants to exit
Search areas should be based on a system of priorities. The first priority is to search ___________, and then the ________
The area immediately around the fire, rest of the floor
A secondary search is a quick attempt to locate any potential victims who are in danger
False - Primary
A primary search is conducted after the fire is under control
False
Children who try to escape a fire may try to hide in a closet or under a bed, while adults who try to escape are often found near doors or windoes
True
As you search, what can you use to extend your reach, sweeping ahead and to the sides as you crawl?
Hand Tools
Explain how to use a clockwise search pattern
Firefighters turn left at the entry point, keep left, keeping hand contact with wall, use right hand to sweep room
Explain how to use a counterclockwise search pattern
Moves around the room opposite direction
A thermal imaging camera can be set to distinguish small temperature differences
True
Describe the major benefit of using the thermal imaging device
It can see the image of a person in conditions of total darkness or through smoke
Explain how a hose line can be used to guide searchers out of a building
Searchers can follow the hose line to a coupling, feel the coupling to determine the male and female ends, and then follow the direction of the male end
During rescue, sometimes it is better to move the victim to a safe area first, and then provide any necessary medical treatment
True
The most efficient method to remove an unconscious or unresponsive victim from a dangerous location is a
Drag
The _______ drag can be used if the victim is heavier than the rescuer. Why?
Firefighter
It does not require lifting or carrying the victim
Ladder rescue begins with the proper _________.
Placement of the ladder
When rescuing an unconscious person from a window, the victim's back should be _________, so that the victim is _______ with the firefighter on the ladder.
Toward the ladder, face to face
When rescuing an unconscious child or small adult from a window, the victim can be __________ during the rescue
Carried across firefighters arms
Ladders should be considered for removing victims even before a fire escape is considered
False
Define fire service ventilation
Process of removing smoke, heat, and toxic gas from a burning building replacing than with cool clean oxygen
When fire is inside a building, the structure acts as a ______ or box trapping the _________
Container, Products of combustion
How does backdraft differ from flashover
Backdraft occurs when a building is charged with hot gases and most oxygen has been consumed, fresh oxygen will cause gases to ignite.
Flashover occurs when air in a room is very hot, exposed combustibles in the space are near their ignition point
Mushroom is basically the process of
Spreading and baking down
Explain the principle of heated products of combustion escaping from a room as they spread throughout a building
As they spread throughout a building - smoke, heat, and toxic gases will spread horizontally, along the ceiling, until they find a path such as a stairway, elevator shaft, or pipe chase that allows them to reach higher levels
To help eliminate potential back draft, a ventilation opening can be placed
On the roof or high as possible
Identify the following
a. Convection
b. Gusset Plates
c. Positive Pressure Ventilation
d. Horizontal Ventilation
e. Vertical Ventilation
f. Negative pressure ventilation
g. Fire resistive construction
h. Ordinary construction
i. Negative ventilation
j. Hy
The transfer of heat through a circulating medium of liquid or gases
Building in which all of the structural components are made of non combustible materials
Using fans to draw or pull smoke through openings
Uses water streams from the hose line to exhaus
Describe how to recognize a fire involving petroleum products
Will produce a large quantity of black rolling smoke that rises in a vertical column
Sometimes firefighters can create a simple outlet for horizontal ventilation by opening a ______ or _______
Door, Window
Natural ventilation depends on natural movements
True
Explain the disadvantages of positive pressure ventilation
Most important concern is the potential for improper use of positive pressure to spread a fire
List the 6 steps to perform negative pressure ventilation
Determine the area to be ventilated and outside wind
Place smoke ejector so that in it will exhaust on the leeward side of building
Hang fan as high in the selected opening as possible
Remove any obstructions from area used to ventilate smoke
Use salvage
If a firefighter is concerned about the stability of the roof, explain how he/she can test the stability of the roof
Sounding is away to test the stability of a roof with a tool such as an axe or pike tool ...
Ventilating the basement and high rise buildings present individual challenges for firefighters. Describe how effectively ventilate these two challenges
For basements, open or break any windows or doors combination of ventilation. Direct path used to push out through window or door. In high rise, key objective is to manage the air movement in stairway, and elevator shaft. Positive pressure ventilation can
What is the general water capacity difference between most fire department engines and fore department tanker
Fire department engines carry at least 500gals
Fire department tanker 100 to 3500gals
Fire hydrant outlets are sized to the _____ or larger fire hose
21/2
When shutting down a hydrant, if you feel suction on your hand when you place it over the opening, the hydrant is ______
Draining
NFPA standard a class B-fire hydrant is:
green and flows 500 - 999 gpm
NFPA standard a class A-fire hydrant is:
green and flows 1000 - 1499 gpm
NFPA standard a class C-fire hydrant is:
Red and flows <500 gpm
AA-fire hydrant flows
1500 gpm and higher
NFPA 24, requires hydrants to be installed so that there is a minimum of ____ inches from the _____ of the hose outlet to the finish grade
18, center
The recommended minimum pressure for water coming from a fire hydrant is ______ , it is, however possible to operate with a lower hydrant pressure under ________
20 psi, some circumstances
Identify the following
a. Dump valves
b. Dry barrel hydrant
c. Steamer connection
d. Dry hydrant
e. Normal operating pressure
f. Mobile water supply apparatus
g. Flow pressure
h. Residual pressure
__The amount of pressure that remains in the system when water is flowing
__Enables the tanker to top off-load as much as 3,000 gallons of water in 1 minute
__The amount of pressure in a water distribution system during a period of normal consumption
__Of
All hydrants should be checked at least every two years
true or false
False, Once a year
Water that is not moving has ______ energy. ______ pressure is the pressure in a system when the water is not moving. Static pressure is ______ energy. Static pressure is generally created by ____ pressure. ______ also creates elevation pressure in a wate
Potential, Static, Potential, Elevation, Gravity
If effective, a tanker shuttle can deliver several hundred galls of water per minute without interruption True or False
True
The flow available for fire suppression is usually defined as the number of gallons per minute available at ___ psi residual pressure
20
Briefly explain the procedures for setting up a portable tank
Two firefighters left the portable tank off the apparatus. The tank may be mounted on a side rack or on a hydraulic rack that lowers it to the ground. Place the portable tank on level ground beside the engine. The pump operator will indicate the best loca