Electrical cords are equipped with twist locks to?
Provide safe and secure connection
Most common type of SCBA in fire service
Open Circuit
Exhalation is vented into the atmosphere
When rescuing a down Fire Fighter with properly functioning respiratory protection.
Do not dislodge face piece
When cutting a hole for vertical ventilation.
avoid cutting main structural support
Cut one large hole rather than multiple smaller holes
Who decided if utilities should be secured?
Incident Commander and Incident Safety Officer
To clean hose coupling and swivel?
Soapy water and work coupling back and forth
Proper way to rescue out of a window?
Two in the structure, one on the ladder, and one on the ground
Water shuttling is recommended for distances greater than
a half mile
Exposure to heat will cause
thermal damage
When oxygen concentrations fall below 18 percent.
the body speeds up the rate of respirations
If you have to take off your SCBA.
Always drag it behind you and do not remove the face piece.
When applying a hose clamp.
place 20 feet behind the apparatus
or
5 feet behind a coupling
When operating in low visibility and giving in to excitement.
Reduces your ability to think and react quickly
Protect papers in a furnace
Immediately close the damper
Signs a roof is unsafe..
Melting asphalt
Spongy roof
Smoke coming from roof
flame coming from roof
Hydrocarbon fuels such as crude oil, fuel oil, gasoline, benzene, naphtha, jet fuel and kerosene are all
Petroleum based and float on water
Besides cutting what can a flat-headed axe be used for?
Striking
Why should fires involving flammable gases not be extinguished before the source is shut off?
Unburned vapors are heavier than air and form pools of gas in lower areas and may ignite
To open a plaster ceiling..
Break the plaster and pull the lath
When is a indirect method used in a wildland fire?
When its too hot for a direct attack
Rapid deceleration of water?
water hammer
Which foam gives lower extinguishment times on structural and wildland fires
Class A foam
Which sprinkler system valve is located in a remote part of the system?
Inspector test valve
What are the indicators for possible building collapse?
Cracks or separations in walls or floors, presence or rods or stars holding building together, loose bricks, blocks, or stones deteriorated mortar, leaning walls, hidden fires, prolonged fire, excessive weight
Which may be extinguished by a carbon dioxide extinguisher?
Class B and C fires
Ladder placement
-Ventilation: Along side the window, tips should be even with the top of the window, upwind or the windward side
-Rescue / Entry: Tips just below the window sill
What is the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS)
Internet database for recording incident information nationwide
Reason for using water as an extinguishing agent?
-Availability
-Low cost
Master Stream
350 Gallons Per Minute
Fire hose should not exceed how many feet when performing a service test
300 feet
One of the most common fires responded to
Small passenger vehicle
How are pneumatic lifting bags used in rescue classified?
Pressure rating
What should happen if one of the team members low pressure alarm goes off?
Both team members should exit the fire area
Most effective tool for clean a ladder?
a soft bristle brush and running water
Fire departments can continue investigating the fire scene without a warrant.
as long as fire personnel are on the scene
A toxic gas that is produced from plastic and has a pungent odor?
Hydrogen Chloride
Which fire company is responsible for deploying hose lines for the fire attack and protecting exposure?
The Engine
Why should circular saws not be stored in a compartment where gasoline fumes accumulate?
Hydrocarbons will attack the blades bonding material and make them subject to disintegration
What does the term "Report on Conditions" apply to?
Evaluating and relaying the situation found upon on arrival
Type of roof collapse
Pancake - complete collapse
Cantilever - One or more walls collapse leaving floors intact
Lean to - Leaning to one direction
A Frame - Collapse with a wall in between
V Shape - leaving voids on both sides
Sprinklers Positioning
Pendant - Most used, extends down from underside of piping
Upright - Top of piping, sprays water up into deflector
Side Wall - Extends out the side of a pipe, small rooms.
Special Purpose - Specific to area
All sprinklers on branch lines
Fusable Link
Frame screwed into piping two levers pushed against frame and a cap over the orifice once fire reaches a certain temperature it melts and water is released
Fringe Bulb
Contains liquid and an air bubble when heated to a certain temperature liquid expands breaking the bulb and water is released
Chemical Pellet
Pellet of solder within a small cylinder melts at a predetermined temperature releasing the valve cap parts
Aspects of a Sprinkler System
Water main - Water supply
Control Valve - Controls flow of water
Riser - Vertical Piping
Things connected to the riser - Sprinkler valves, one way check valve, FDC Connection, alarm valve, and main drain.
Which position is part of the Command Staff
-Safety
-Liaison
-Information
How do dry chemicals and halogen agents extinguish fires?
They interrupt the combustion reaction
The temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors to ignite but not support combustion?
Flashpoint
Pyrolysis begins at approximately what temperature?
400 degrees Fahrenheit or 204 degrees Celsius
Steel
Expands up to 4 inches and can fail at 1000 degrees
Truss Construction
Gusset Plate - Wooden or Metal aka gang nails
Pearlin - Horizontal member between trusses
Made of one of more triangles, work as a unit, and if one unit fails the whole unit is likely to fail
Stages of Fire Development
Incipient - Oxygen has not been significantly reduced, heat has not spread
Growth - Spread to other substances, increasing heat, unlimited fuel and oxygen. Rollover and Flashover is possible
Fully Developed - Energy is at maximum rate, limited by availabi
Hydrant Colors
Light Blue - 1500 or more GPM
Green - 1000 to 1500 GPM
Orange - 500 to 999 GPM
Red - Less than 500 GPM
Markings on door
-one slash means room is being searched
-second slash means search i complete
Hydrant testing
Pitot tube - measures velocity of stream coming out of hydrant
Pitot and cap tight pressure gauge
Hydrant Distances
High Value or occupancy districts - ever 300 feet
Residential - every 600 feet
Hard Suction
24 inch radius minimum
What type of gasket is in a threaded coupling?
Expansion Ring Gasket
Water Mains
-6 inches in residential
-8 inches in Commercial
Haz-Mat suits
Class A - Fully encapsulated with SCBA and Protects from vapors
Class B- Used with SCBA or SAR Splash protection (Highest level of respiratory protection, No vapor protection
Class C - Splash protection with APR need oxygen between 19.5 and 23.5 percent
C
Haz-mat incident
Level 1 incident - Easiest to handle, can be handled by Fire Department / First responders
Level 2 incident - beyond the abilities of first responders, a formal Haz-Mat team is needed
Level 3 incident - resources from the state, usually no one agency has
Haz-Mat Placard
12 o'clock - Red - Flammability
3 o'clock - Yellow - Instability
6 o'clock - White - Special Hazards
9 o'clock - Blue - Health Hazards
Labels
Cation - Indicates may have minor health affects
Warning - Moderate hazards such as health affects and flammability
Danger - Highest degree of hazard, may explode with heat
Poison - Required in addition to danger on labels of high toxic materials
Reactivity Triangle
Oxidizing Agent
Activation Energy
Reducing Agent
Boiling Point
212 degrees Fahrenheit
Which location of a fire has the highest plume temperature?
Fire in a corner
How many layers make up bunker gear?
3
- Outer Shell
- Moisture Barrier
- Thermal Barrie
Type 1 Construction
Fire-Resistive Construction usually reinforced concrete type structure and protected by automatic sprinklers.
Type 2 Construction
Non-combustible, fire resistant ratings on almost all building materials, usually have a flat roof, warehouse type building
Type 3 Construction
Ordinary construction requires that exterior walls be made of non-combustible material, the roofs or partially are completely made of wood
Strengths: Resist outside fire spread, easy to vertically ventilate
Weakness: Hidden fire spread, water damage.
Type 4 Construction
Heavy-timber construction, mostly everything in the building is made of solid or lamented wood.
Strengths: Resist collapse, structurally stable, easy to vent
Weakness: outside fire spread, rapid inside spreading of flame, water damage
Type 5 Construction
Wood-frame construction, used in single family homes or in buildings up to 7 stories
Strengths: easy to vent
Weakness: Outside and inside fire spread, water damage
What are the indicators for possible building collapse?
Cracks or separations in walls or floors, presence or rods or stars holding building together, loose bricks, blocks, or stones deteriorated mortar, leaning walls, hidden fires, prolonged fire, excessive weight
Kernmantle Rope
A jacketed rope that has a braided covering or sheath.
-Core strands run parallel with the ropes length and work in conjunction with the covering in which type of rope.
-Used as life safety rope
Laid Rope
-Natural or Synthetic
-smaller fibers twisted together to make strands
-usually 3 strands twisted together to make the rope
-used as utility rope
Braided rope
-Natural or Synthetic
-Intertwined fibers
-used as utility rope
Braid-on-Braid
-Jacketed
-Braided core with a braided sheath
-very strong
-used as utility rope
Fire Extinguisher methods of Extinguishing
-Smothering
-Cooling
-Chain Breaking
-Saponification
Fire Extinguisher types
Dry Chemical - Class A, B, and C
Two Class - ABC and BC
Available in a wheeled unit
Dry Powder - Class D
Cartridge - not pressurized until plunger exposes
Stored Pressure - Constant pressure if 200 PSI
Fire Extinguisher technique
-Pull
-Aim
-Sweep
-Spray
Halon
Halon 1211 - Ozone depleting gas, B & C fires, has been replaced by FE - 36
Halon 1301 - replaced FE 241
Class A Fire
Involve ordinary combustibles such as textiles, paper, plastics, rubber, and wood. These fuels can be extinguished with water, water-based agents such as foam or dry chem. Water is the most common extinguishing agent in the fire service
Class B Fire
Involve flammable and combustible liquids, gases, and greases such as alcohol, cooking oils, gasoline, lubricating oils, and LPG. Agents used to extinguish Class B fires are carbon dioxide, dry chem, and class B foam
Class C Fire
Class A fires or Class B fires created by electrical energy. To extinguish Class C fires, turn off electrical source and then use the appropriate extinguisher depending on what is burning.
Class D Fire
Involving combustible metals and alloys such as lithium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. Class D DRY POWDER extinguishers work best on these fires.
Class K Fire
Involves combustible cooking oils. An example of these fuels is vegetable or animal fats and oils that burn at extremely high temperatures. Wet chem and portable extinguishers are used to extinguish Class K fires.
Photoelectric Smoke Detector
-Type of smoke detector that uses a small light source to detect smoke by shining light through the detector's chamber. Smoke particles reflect the light into a light-sensitive device called a photocell.
Ionization Smoke Detectors
-Type of smoke detector that uses a small amount of radioactive material to make the air within a sensing chamber conduct electricity
-Detects invisible products of combustion
Firefighter 1 and 2 must meet what standard?
NFPA 1001 Standard for Fire Fighting professional qualifications
5 Sections of Incident Command System
-Command
-Financial / Administration
-Logistics
-Planning
-Operations
Fire Companies
-Engine Company - Deploys hose lines
-Truck (ladder) company - Forcible entry, search and rescue, ventilation, salvage & overhaul, utilities control, access to upper levels of structure
-Rescue Squad - removes victims from entrapment, performs technical r
Strike team vs Task Force
Strike Team - Resources of the same kind and type
Task Force - Combination of resources
Fire Triangle
-Heat
-Oxygen
-Fuel
Heat can be transferred by 3 mechanisms
Conduction - transfer of heat within a body to another by direct contact
Convection - transfer of heat (liquid/gas) to a solid surface
Radiation - transfer of energy as an electromagnetic wave
Hydrocarbons
They do not mix with water
Crude oil, fuel oil, gasoline, benzene, naphtha, jet fuel, and kerosene are petroleum based combustible or flammable
liquids
3% Foam
Polar Solvents
Mix readily with water
Alcohols, acetone, lacquer thinner, ketones, esters, and acids and they are flammable liquids
6% Foam
Carbon Monoxide versus Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion, responsible for more fire deaths than any other toxic product of combustion
Carbon Dioxide is a product of complete combustion
Classes of Harnesses
Class I Harness - Seat harness; 300 lbs
Class II Harness - Seat harness; 600 lbs
Class III Harness - Full body harness; 600 lbs
Search and Rescue
In an IDLH atmosphere remain in physical, voice, or visual contact
Primary Search - Rapid but thorough. Start search as close to the fire as possible, Search perimeter of room first, then search the middle.
Secondary Search - Slower and more thorough
Search Line
-200 feet of rope, 2 inch steel ring every 20 feet, one or more knots indicate distance.
-Rings are anchor points for lateral tethers of 20 feet in length
-3 members or more
Tools
Spreaders - spread 32 inches apart
Shears - cut metal and have an opening of 7 inches
Extension rams - 5 Feet
Hydraulic Jack - 20 tons
Air Chisels - cut sheet metal
Air Knife - cuts through dirt
More Tools
Whizzer Saw - cuts through case-hardened steel or can be used to remove a ring from a swollen finger
Winches - pulling tool, should be positioned close to the object being pulled
Rescue Tripods - used to lower rescuers into confined spaces
Scene Size Up
-Begins as soon as the first emergency vehicle approaches the accident scene
Confined Space Rescue uses acronym oath
O = OK - one tug
A = Advance - Two tugs
T = take up slack - 3 tugs
H = Help - 4Tugs
Vehicles
-First arriving engine provides barrier & place control devices
-Shut down power in vehicles to eliminate source of ignition, power to restraint systems, power to high-voltage.
-Cut negative then positive, do not cut orange cable
-Laminated glass - front
Overhaul
...
Strainers distance in all directions?
24 inches
Hose Clamps
-To prevent charging of hosebed during forward lay, Replace hose, Extend hoseline, Advance charged hoseline up stairs
-Three types: Screw-down, Press-down, Hydraulic
-20 feet behind apparatus, within 5 feet of coupling from incoming water side
Broken Stream
Coarsely divided droplets absorb more heat per gallon than straight stream, more reach than fog stream, and effective in confined space fires
Foam Application
-Roll-on is used for a burning liquid spill
-Bank-Down is used when an elevated object is near a burning pool of liquid
-Rain-Down is used when the other two methods are not feasible and on above ground storage tanks
Winches
-three most common types: Electric, hydraulic, and power take off
-Positioned as close as possible
Hazard distance for a down power line?
One span of poles
Multistory fire attack begins where
Attack is launched from floor below the fire floor
Definition of Standard Operating Procedures
Predetermined plan for emergency
Air cylinder assembly includes all of the following except?
Pressure Alarms
Method of using a malfunctioning regulator?
Intermittently opening and closing valve
What is the purpose of a wide brim helmet?
protect ears and neck from hot water
Wood ledge doors
constructed of planks of wood
length of ladder needed to reach second story roof?
28 to 35 feet
Vehicle fires should be attacked from?
Uphill and Upwind
Master stream should enter structure
Upward
During overhaul floor covering should be removed to
Check for complete extinguishment
Which of the following is not a result of overtaxing a power plant?
Electrical Shock
Wildland fires
indirect attack
How should hose be stored in a split bed?
Female coupling to the front of the hose bed
Roles of firefighters on a truck / rescue company responding to a structure fire?
Protect primary mean of egress
Typical duty of a firefighter?
performing loss control operations
First due engine company will deploy hose to protect?
Primary means of egress
What appliance is used to supply ladder pipe?
Large Diameter hose appliance
If a gas meter is involved in a fire what patter should be used?
Wide-Fog
Primary purpose of a porta power tool system?
Can operate in narrow places?
What cannot be used on lamented glass?
Center Punch
Two types of asphyxiation?
Simple and Chemical