Rescue
Removal of victims from entrapment by fires, terrain features, structural collapse, elevation differences, confined spaces.
Extrication
Disentanglement and removal of victims from vehicles or machinery.
2 objectives of building
1. locating victims
2. obtain information about the location and extension of the fire
2 Structure fire searches
Primary - rapid and thorough search performed before or during the fire suppression operations
Secondary - conducted after the fire is under control and the greatest hazards are eliminated. slower and more thorough search to make sure no occupants have be
Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)
Two or more fully equipped and immediately available firefighters designated to stand by outside the hazard zone to enter and effect rescue of firefighters inside.
Cribbing
1. varying lengths of hardwood or plastic used to stabilize vehicles and collapsed buildings during extrication
2.process of arranging planks into a crate-like structure.
Most common power source for emergency services is a...
Generator
Four basic types of power hydraulic tools used in rescue incidents
1. Spreaders
2. Shears
3. Combination spreader/shears
4. Extension rams
Two manual hydraulic tools used in extrication work
1. the porta-power systems
2. hydraulic jack - designed for heavy lifting
Advantage of manual hydraulic tools
1. inexpensive
2. light weight
3. can be used in areas inaccessible to powered units
disadvantage of manual hydraulic tools
1. slow
2. limited range of operation
3. labor-intensive
Non-hydraulic jacks
1. Screw jack (two types: a. bar screw jack - excellent for support of collapsed structural members; b. trench screw jack)
2. ratchet-lever jack - least stable
Pneumatic-powered chisels
A.K.A - air chisels, air hammers, impact hammers. Used in extrication. good for cutting medium to heay-gauge sheet metal and popping rivets and bolts.
Impact tool
A.K.A impact wrenches. tightens and loosens bolts fast. good for disassembly of machinery in which a person is entangled.
Air knife
can cut a hole 1foot diameter and depth. used to blast away surface dirt.
lifting tools
tripods, winches, come-alongs, chains, pneumatic lifting bags, block and tackle systems
Tripod
used as an anchor point above manholes or other openings to lift or lower rescuers into confined spaces.
Come-alongs
manual portable cable winch operated by manual rachet
Incident size-up
Begins with the initial dispatch and continues throughout the incident.
Scene size-up
Begins as soon as the first emergency vehicle approaches the accident scene.
Vehicle stabilization
Done after scene size-up and must be done before extrication activities. Primary goal - prevent the sudden and unexpected movement of the vehicle
Box formation cribbing
most often used for vehicle stabilization
Three methods to access victims in vehicles
1. through a normally operating doors
2. through a window
3. by cutting away parts of the vehicle
SRS
supplemental restraint systems
SIPS
Side-impact protection systems
T/F: Vehicle is removed around the patient and not the reverse
True
Two type of glass in vehicles
laminated safety glass and tempered glass
A B C posts
A-post is in the front are of the car where front door is connected to the body of the car.
B-post is between front and rear doors/or the post nearest to the door handle on two-door vehicle
C-post is the nearest to the door handle on the rear door (on 4-d
Primary search teams should always carry a:
- radio
- thermal imaging camera (TIC)
- flashlight
- forcible entry tools
Areas where occupants seek shelter from the fire:
- bathrooms
- bathtubs
- shower stalls
- closets
- under beds
- behind furniture
- basemnents
- attic rooms
- behind doors
- on the floor below windows
When searching in multistory buildings, first search:
- the fire floor
- the floor directly above the fire floor
- the topmost floor
Methods used for marking rooms:
- chalk
- crayon
- masking tape
- duct tape
- latch straps
- specially designed door markers
What is the opening spread of hydraulic spreaders:
32 inches apart
What is the opening spread of hydraulic shears:
7 inches
Hydraulic jacks have lifting capacities up to:
20 tons
Extension rams can extend from a closed length of 3 feet:
to an extended length of 5 feet.
Combination spreaders/shears drawback:
the spreading and cutting capabilities of the combination tool are somewhat less than those of the individual units.
Most air chisels operate at air pressures between:
90 and 250 psi.
Most common sizes or ratings of come-alongs are:
1 to 10 tons.
Only _______ steel chains of the correct size should be used in rescue work.
alloy
What are the 3 types of lifting bags?
- High pressure
- Low Pressure
- Medium Pressure
A low and medium lifting bag may be capable of lifting an object _______ feet above its original position.
6
Rescuers should choose the _______ route available to gain access to a vehicle.
easiest
A high pressure lifting bag may be capable of lifting an object _______ above its original position.
20 inches
How many lifting bags can you put on top of each other?
no more then 2
When operating a winch system where should the operator be?
Should stay further way from the winch than the length of the cable
Why are plastic cribbing better then wood cribbing?
They do not absorb fuel or any fluids. They are more expensive then wood cribbing.
What are the 2 ways air bags can be set off?
- Electrically
- Mechanically
At what speed does an air bag deploy?
200 mph
Lifting bags can not be around ________
220 degrees of hear or sharp objects
How flat does high pressure lifting bags sit not inflated.
1 inch
For pneumatic tools what kind of air should you never us?
Compressed Oxygen
Firefighters must work in teams of ______.
2 or more
What do you do when you come up to a door on search and rescue?
Heat, Tag, 180
Female cup-link leads you to the exit or nozzal?
Nozzel (females burn you)
Male cup-link leads you to the exit or nozzel?
Exit (bros help you out)
When do you have to crawl on your hands and knees?
When you cant see
How do you go down stairs?
Feet first
How do you go up stairs?
Head first
When opening a door you should open it _________.
Slowly
When you become lost in the first what do you need to do.
Remain calm
What NFPA requires you to have a RIC team.
NFPA 1500
When removing a victim should you move them throw a hazard zone?
NO
When should you go under the vehicle?
Never go under the vehicle
If air bags deploy electronically and you snip the power cables how long do they still store power to deploy them?
30 mins
On a car window how do you break the glass?
Hitting the window in the lower corner
When you find the victim on search and rescue where do you put your tools?
- By your right foot if it is a right hand search pattern
- By your left foot if it is a left hand search pattern
(put your tools where your foot is at)
Roles of Firefighter I in search and rescue.
- Locate all doors
- Locate victim
- Stay in contact with the wall
- Heat, tag, 180
Roles of Firefighter II in search and rescue.
- Actively search the middle of the rooms (unleash)
- Stay in contact with Firefighter I
- Locate Victim
- Untag doors and make sure they are shut
What are the two types of search patterns?
Right hand search pattern or left hand search pattern