The period of time when secondary sexual characteristics begin to develop and the potential for sexual reproduction is reached is called __. The first menses is called __ , and the permanent cessation of menses is called __ .
puberty,menarche,menopause
Spermatogenesis does not occur at normal core body temperature.
TRUE
The route of sperm from the production in the testes to the exterior of the body is: seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, rete testes, epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra, external
TRUE
Which of the following are functions of Sertoli cells? (1) protection of developing spermatogenic cells, (2) nourishment of spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperm, (3) phagocytosis of excess sperm cytoplasm as development proceeds, (4) media-tion of the eff
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Which of the following are true? (1) An erection is a sympathetic response initiated by sexual stimulation. (2) Dilation of blood vessels supplying erectile tissue results in erection. (3) Nitric oxide causes smooth muscle within erectile tissue to relax,
2 and 3
Which of the following are true concerning estrogens? (1) They promote development and maintenance of female reproductive structures and secondary sex characteristics. (2) They help control fluid and electrolyte balance. (3) They increase protein cataboli
1, 4, and 5
Which of the following statements are correct? (1) A sperm head contains DNA and an acrosome. (2) An acrosome is a specialized lysosome that contains enzymes that enable sperm to produce the ATP needed to propel themselves out of the male reproductive tra
1, 3, and 4
Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Spermatogonia are stem cells because when they undergo mitosis, some of the daughter cells remain to serve as a reservoir of cells for future mitosis. (2) Meiosis I is a division of pairs of chromosomes r
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Cells from the yolk sac give rise to oogonia. (2) Ova arise from the germinal epithelium of the ovary. (3) Primary oocytes enter prophase of meiosis I during fetal development but do not complete it until
1, 3, 4, and 5
Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The female reproductive cycle consists of a menstrual phase, a preovulatory phase, ovulation, and a postovulatory phase. (2) During the menstrual phase, small secondary follicles in the ovary begin to enl
1, 2, 3, and 6
Oral contraceptives work by (1) causing a thickening of the cervical mucus, (2) blocking the uterine tubes, (3) inhibiting the release of FSH and LH, (4) preventing ovulation, (5) disrupting the plasma membranes of sperm, (6) irritating the endometrial li
1, 3, and 4
modified sudoriferous glands involved in lactation
mammary glands
a small, cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves in the female; homologue of the male glans penis
clitoris
produce mucus in the female during sexual arousal and intercourse; homologous to the male bulbourethral glands
greater vestibular glands
the group of cells that nourish the developing oocyte and begin to secrete estrogens
Follicle
a pathway for sperm to reach the uterine tubes; the site of menstruation; the site of implantation of a fertilized ovum; the womb
uterus
produces progesterone, estrogens, relaxin, and inhibin
corpus luteum
draw the ovum into the uterine tube
fibriae
the opening between the uterus and vagina
cervix
muscular layer of uterus; responsible for expulsion of fetus from uterus
myometrium
mucus-secreting glands in the female that are homologous to the prostate gland
paraurethral glands
the female copulatory organ; the birth canal
vagina
passageway for the ovum to the uterus; usual site of fertilization; site of tubal ligation
uterine tube
refers to the external genitals of the female
vulva
the layer of the uterine lining that is partially shed during each monthly cycle
endometrium
site of sperm maturation
epididymis
the male copulatory organ; a passageway for ejaculation of sperm and excretion of urine
penis
sperm-forming cells
spermatogenic cells
produce an alkaline substance that protects sperm by neutralizing acids in the urethra
bulbourethral glands
ejects sperm into the urethra just before ejaculation
ejaculatory duct
the supporting structure for the testes
scrotum
carries the sperm from the scrotum into the abdominopelvic cavity for release by ejaculation; is cut and tied as a means of sterilization
ductus deferens
the shared terminal duct of the reproductive and urinary systems in the male
urethra
surrounds the urethra at the base of the bladder; produces secretions that contribute to sperm motility and viability
prostate gland
produce testosterone
Leydig cells
supporting structure that consists of the ductus deferens, testicular artery, autonomic nerves, veins that drain the testes, lymphatic vessels, and cremaster muscle
spermatic cord
support and protect developing spermatogenic cells; secrete inhibin; form the blood-testis barrier
Sertoli cells
secrete an alkaline fluid to help neutralize acids in the female reproductive tract; secrete fructose for use in ATP production by sperm
seminal vesicles
contraction and relaxation moves testes near to or away from pelvic cavity
cremaster muscle
site of spermatogenesis
seminiferous tubules
relaxes the uterus by inhibiting myometrial contractions during monthly cycles; increases flexibility of the pubic symphysis during childbirth
relaxin
stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone in males and triggers ovulation in females
LH (luteinizing hormone)
inhibits production of FSH by the anterior pituitary gland
inhibin
posterior pituitary hormone responsible for uterine contraction and release of milk from mammary glands
oxytocin
stimulates male pattern of development; stimulates protein synthesis; contributes to sex drive
testosterone
stimulates male external genital development
dihydrotestosterone
maintains the corpus luteum during the first trimester of pregnancy
human chorionic gonadotropin
contribute to male sexual behavior, spermatogenesis, and libido
androgens
promotes development of female reproductive structures; lowers blood cholesterol
estrogens
stimulates the initial secretion of estrogens by growing follicles; promotes follicle growth
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
is secreted by the corpus luteum to maintain the uterine lining during the first trimester of pregnancy
progesterone
anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production
prolactin
the process during meiosis when portions of homologous chromosomes may be exchanged with each other
crossing over
refers to cells containing one-half the chromosome number
haploid
the cell produced by the union of an egg and a sperm
zygote
the degeneration of oogonia before and after birth
atresia
a packet of discarded nuclear material from the first or second meiotic division of the egg
polar body
refers to cells containing the full chromosome number
diploid