The serious membrane that lines the abdominopelvic walls is called the:
Peritoneum
A properly exposed abdominal image will exhibit the:
1. Psoas muscles
2. Lower border of the liver
3. Transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae
1, 2, and 3
If a patient is unable to stand for an upright AP abdominal image, which position should be used?
Left lateral decubitus
Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal image performed with the patient in the supine position
iliac crests
What is the respiration phase for an AP or PA abdominal image obtained with the patient in the upright position?
expiration
One of the primary reasons a left lateral decubitus abdominal image is performed is to demonstrate:
Air-fluid levels
Which of the following organs lie in the pelvic cavity?
1. Kidneys
2. Rectum
3. Urinary bladder
2 and 3
Longest part of the small bowel
Ilium
Widest part of the small bowel
Duodenum
Fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
Center at the ______ for the supine abdomen
Iliac crests
Peritoneum forms folds called
mesentery and omenta
blockage of bowel lumen
bowel obstruction
Image for kidneys, ureter and bladder
KUB
Muscle that is lateral to both sides of the supine
Psoas
A properly exposed abdominal image will exhibit:
- Psoas muscles
- kidneys
- transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
How many kidneys do we have?
2 kidneys
The outer portion of the sac that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is termed:
parietal peritoneum
The inner portion of the sac that covers the abdominal organs is termed:
visceral peritoneum
The folds of peritoneum that support the abdominal organs are called
omenta and mesentery
The space between the two layers of peritoneum is called the:
peritoneal cavity
What is the cavity posterior to the peritoneum?
retroperitoneum
The stomach wall is composed of how many layers?
four
The opening between the stomach and the small intestine is the:
Pyloric sphincter
For which body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?
Hypersthenic
What is the length of the average adult small intestine?
22 feet
The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?
three
The most distal portion of the small intestine is the:
ileum
The Jejunum and ileum are attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by the:
mesentery
The main functions of the small bowel are ______ of food
digestion and absorption
The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:
cecum
The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:
ileocecal valve
The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents toward the rectum are called:
peristalsis
In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located
left upper quadrant
The mucosa of the small intestine contains a series of fingerlike projections called:
villi
The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct usually unite to form the
hepatopancreatic ampulla
The opening inside the duodenum where pancreatic enzymes and bile enter is called the:
greater duodenal papilla
The large intestine is made up of a series of pouches called the:
haustra
The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:
right colic flexure
For which type of body habitus is the large intestine bunched together and positioned very low in the abdomen
Asthenic
Functions of the kidney include:
1. removing waste products from the blood
2. maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
3. secreting substances that affect blood pressure
1, 2 and 3
Secreted by the suprarenal glands
Epinephrine
The left kidney is ______ and ______ than the right
Longer; narrower
Which body habitus will the kidneys lie at the highest level
Hypersthenic
Where do the ureters lie in relation to the peritoneum?
behind the peritoneum
Serve as a reservoir to store urine
Urinary bladder
Where do the ureters enter the bladder?
posterior wall
The site where the ureters enter the bladder is termed the ___ junction
ureterovesical
All are part of the male reproductive system except:
A. Ductus deferens
B. Seminal vesicles
C. Infundibulum
D. Testes
C
Twisting of a bowel loop on itself is termed:
Volvulus
Which of the following are prime considerations on producing an optimal image of the abdomen?
1. Apply compression
2. Explain the breathing procedure to the patient
3. Do not start the exposure for 1 to 2 seconds after suspension of respiration
2 and 3
The most commonly performed abdominal examination is referred to as a(n):
KUB
Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal image performed with the patient in the upright position?
2 inches above the iliac crests
What is the respiration phase for an AP abdominal image obtained with the patient in the supine position?
expiration
The central - ray angulation for an AP abdominal image is:
0 degrees
Where is the center of the IR positioned for an upright PA abdominal image?
2 inches above the iliac crests
Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal image obtained in the left lateral decubitus position?
2 inches above the iliac crests
What is the respiration phase for an AP abdominal image obtained with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position?
expiration
Demonstrating small amounts of intraperitoneal gas in patients with an acute abdomen is often necessary. How long should the patient lie in the left lateral position before the radiograph is made?
10-20 minutes
Which of the following is placed perpendicular to the long axis of the grid for a lateral projection of the abdomen?
A. Transverse plane
B. Horizontal plane
C. Midcoronal plane
D. Midsagittal plane
C
Where is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the abdomen performed with the patient in the dorsal decubitus position?
2 inches above the iliac crests
Which of the following are clearly shown on a lateral abdomen projection performed with the patient in the dorsal decubitus position?
1. Prevertebral space
2. Air-fluid levels
3. Urinary bladder
1 and 2
All of the following are used to evaluate rotation on a KUB image, except:
A. Lumbar spinous process in the center of the vertebral body
B. Alae of the ilia are symmetric
C. Ischial spines, if visible, are symmetric
D. Superimposed posterior ribs
D
A three-way abdominal series may be ordered to rule out all of the following, except:
A. Infection
B. Tumor mass
C. Bowel obstruction
D. Free air
B
How much will the kidneys drop in the change from the supine to the upright position?
2 inches
Where is the IR centered for all abdominal images taken during examinations of the urinary system?
iliac crests
Where is the IR centered for an AP axial projection of the urinary bladder (cystogram)
2 inches above the upper border of the symphysis pubis
For which two of the following projections of the abdomen is the X-ray beam placed in the horizontal position?
A. PA, upright
B. AP, supine
C. AP, lateral decubitus
D. AP oblique, LAO
A and C