Anatomy
the study, classification, & description of the structure & organs of the human body
Physiology
the study of processes & functions of the body
Atoms combine to form
Chemicals
Chemicals combine to form
Molecules
Molecules combine to form
Cells
Cells of similar kinds combine to form
Tissues
Tissues of different groups combine to form
Organs
Organs of similar purpose combine to form
Systems
10 Systems combine to form
Organism
Skeletal System
- Includes 206 separate bones
- Axial Skeleton: 80 bones, Central axis of body, skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
- Appendicular Skeleton: 126 bones, limbs, shoulder & pelvic girdles
Skeletal System Functions:
1) Support & protect soft tissues
2) Allow movement by working with Muscular System
3) Produce blood cells
4) Store calcium
Osteology:
the study of bones
Arthrology:
the study of joints
Circulatory System
Cardiovascular system: heart, blood, & blood vessels
Lymphatic system: lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph glands, & spleen
Circulatory System Functions:
1) Distribute oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body
2) Transport cell waste and carbon dioxide from the cells
3) Transport water, electrolytes, hormones, and enzymes
4) Protect against disease
5) Prevent hemorrhage by forming blood clots
6) Assist
Digestive System:
Alimentary canal: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus
Accessory organs: salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Digestive System Functions:
1) Prepare food for absorption by the cells through numerous physical and chemical breakdown processes
2) Eliminate solid wastes from the body
Respiratory System:
- nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchial tree, & alveoli
Respiratory System Functions:
1) Supply oxygen to the blood and eventually to the cells
2) Eliminate carbon dioxide from the blood
3) Assist in regulating the acid-base balance of the blood
Urinary System:
- produce, collect, & eliminate urine
- kidneys, ureters, bladder, & urethra
Urinary System Functions:
1) Regulate the chemical composition of the blood
2) Eliminate many waste products
3) Regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and volume
4) Maintain the acid-base balance of the body
Reproductive System:
- produce, transport, & store germ cells
- Male: the testes produce mature germ cells. The vas deferens, prostate, & paris transport & store
- Female: reproductive organs ? ovaries, uterine (fallopian) tubes, uterus, & vagina
Reproductive System Function:
1) Reproduce the organism
Nervous System:
- brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and special sense organs
Nervous System Functions:
1) coordinate voluntary & involuntary body activities
2) transmit electrical impulses to various parts of the body & the brain
Muscular System:
- Smooth muscle
- Skeletal muscle
- Cardiac muscle
Muscular System Functions:
1) Allow movement, such as locomotion of the body or movement of substances through the alimentary canal
2) Maintain posture
3) Produce body heat
Endocrine System:
- ductless glands
- testes, ovaries, pancreas, adrenals, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, pineal, and pituitary. The placenta acts as a temporary endocrine gland.
Endocrine System Function:
1) regulate bodily activities through the various hormones carried by the cardiovascular system
Integumentary System:
- skin, hair, nails, and sweat and oil glands.
Integumentary System Functions:
1) Regulate body temperature
2) Protect the body, within limits, against microbial invasion and mechanical, chemical, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage
3) Eliminate waste products through perspiration
4) Receive certain stimuli such as temperature, pr