What tissue contains he least amount of water?
adipose tissue
What makes up Extracellular Fluid?
Plasma, interstitial fluid, transcellular fluid
What are example of transcellular fluid?
Cerebrospinal fluid, joint fluids, humors of eye
What is intracellular Fluid?
water within the cell
Volume of intracellular fluid
25 L
volume of interstitial fluid
12 L
Volume of plasma
3 L
Glomerular filtration rate
rate of movement of fluid out of the glomerulus into Bowman space
Fluid balance
when required amounts of H2O and solutes are proportioned correctly
Water % body mass in infants
75
Water % body mass in men
60
Water % body mass in woment
50
Elecrolytes
molecules that dissociate into ions when dissolved in H2O
Compartments where fluids are present & amt
2/3 intracellular fluid, cytosol
1//3 extracellular fluid
what makes up extracellular fluid?
80:20 interstitial: plasma
What separates intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid?
Plasma Membrane
What separates interstitial fluid from blood plasma?
Blood Vessels
What processes allow continuous exchange of H2O and solutes?
filtration, reabsorption, diffusion, osmosis
Cardinal rule of Fluid Balance
fluid balance is only maintained if input=output
Average intake of H2O
2500 mL/day
How do we gain H2O?
ingestion and metabolism
How does water loss occur
Kidneys excrete
Skin Evaporates
Lungs exhale
GI tract excrete
Amt H2O kidneys excrete
1500 ml
Amt H2O skin evaporates
600 l
Amt H2O lungs exhale
300 ml
Amt H2O GI tract excretes
100 ml
Where is thirst center?
hypothalamus
symptoms of dehydration
decreased flow of saliva, increased blood osmolarity, decreased blood volume
What is the main factor determining body fluid volume?
extent of NaCl loss
hormones regulating body water
ADH, Aldosterone, ANP
ADH role in H2O reg
promotes H2O reabsorption when dehydrated
Aldosterone role in H2O reg
promotes salt reabsorption when dehydrated
ANP role in H2O reg
promotes secretion (and excretion) of salt when over-hydrated
Hypovolemia
state of dehydration secondary to abnormally excessive water loss
Hypervolemia
expansion of fluid volume in body
functions of elecrtolytes in body fluids
control osmosis of H2O, maintain acid-base balance, carry electrical current
what is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid?
sodium
hyponatremia
condition of decreased sodium concentration in body
hypernatremia
condition of increased sodium concentration in body
most abundant anion in extracellular fluid
chloride
Hypochloremia
condition of decreased chloride concentration
Hyperchloremia
condition of increased chloride concentration in body
most abundant cation in intracellular fluid
potassium
hypokalemia
condition of decreased potassium in body
Hyperkalemia
condition of increased potassium in body
Role of Ca
blood clotting, NT release, maintenance of muscle tone
hypocalcemia
condition of decreased Ca in body
Hypercalcemia
condition of increased Ca concentration in body