Vitamin B1
Thamin
Vitamin B2
Riboflavin
Vitamin B3
Niacin
Vitamin B6
Pyridoxine
Vitamins B12
Cobalamin
Other B Vitamins
Biotin, Pantothenic acid, Folate(Folic Acid)
Vitamins absorbed in the lymphatic system, with chylomicrons
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin A
Retinol, Beta-carotene is it's precursor
Vitamin D
Cholecalciferol (animal sources), Calcitrol (active form in body)
Vitamin E
Alpha Tocopherol
Vitamin K
Phylloquinone(Naturally Occuring), Menaquinone (synthesized by intestinal bacteria)
Vitamins absorbed directly into the blood and travel freely
Water Soluble Vitamins
Pellegra
Niacin deficiency
Cheilosis, Glossitis
Riboflavin Deficiency
Beriberi, Wenicke-Korsakoff
Thiamin Deficiency
Macrocytic Anemia, Neural Tube Defects, Decreased DNA Synthesis
Folate (folic acid) deficiency
Pernicious Anemia
Cobalamin deficiency
Hemolytic Anemia or erythrocyte hemolysis
Alpha Tocopherol Deficiency
Hemorrhage
Vitamin K deficiency
Scurvy, Bleeding gums, Hemorrhage, poor wound heal
Vitamin C Deficiency
Rickets, Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis
Vitamin D deficiency
Toxicity- Competes with Fe, Calcium in brain can't signal messages from nerve cells, makes RBC weak and fragile, Binds to Antibodies and impares immune system, causes learning disabilities, behavior problems, and nerve damage
Lead Poisoning
Anemia, Pallor, Weakness, Decreased concentration, cold intolerance, Pica
Iron (Fe) Deficiency
Growth failure, delayed sexual maturation, decreased immune function, poor wound healing, decreased taste, decreased smell
Zinc (Zn) Deficiency
Dehydration (7-10% loss in body weight), Collapse death
Water Deficiency
Muscle Cramps, apathy, Decreased appetite
Sodium Deficiency
Impaired functioning of nerves and muscles, Increased risk of HTN
Potassium-K Deficiency
Calcium Deficiency Risk Factors *KNOW 3
Female, Small Frame, Advanced age, family history, early or surgical menopause, absence of periods, eating disorders, diet low in calcium and Vitamin D, Prolonged use of cortisone, Low testosterone, Inactive lifestyle, smoking cigarettes, excessive alcoho
Calcium- Serum, Calcitonin, Parathyroid Hormone
Serum Ca balance, Calcitonin decreases Ca, Parathyroid Hormone increases Ca.
Function of Chloride (Cl)
Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance
Inflamed eyelids, night blindness
Vitamin A deficiency
DRI Vitamin D
Age 19-70= 15mcg Age 71+= 20mcg
How is Vitamin D absorbed?
Skin -> Liver -> Kindeys
Folic Acid DRI
400mcg. Pregnancy=600mcg
Antioxidants- ACES
Vitamins ACE, Selenium
Chromium Function
Glucose tolerance factor, Stimulate insulin's action
Iron (Fe) DRI
Women Age 19-50= 18mg, Men(all ages) &women 50+= 8mg, Pregnancy= 27mg
Zinc (Zn) DRI
Men 11mg, Women 8mg
Iodine (I) DRI
150mcg
Goiter (Adults), Cretinism (Children)
Iodine Deficiency
Impaired Immune Function, Keshan's Disease
Selenium Deficiency
Tooth Decay
Fluoride Deficiency
Impaired Glucose metabolism, Elevated glucose
Chromium Deficiency
Needed with Iron (Fe) for Hemoglobin
Copper (Cu)
Sources of Chromium
Whole Grains
Risk Factors for HBP
Aged over 65 Years, Genetics, Overweight
How to reduce HBP
Reduce salt intake, DASH diet, Avoid harmful amounts of alcohol, physical exercise, maintain healthy BMI 18.5-24.9, Avoid tobacco use
Organs affected by HBP
Eyes, Kidneys, Heart, Brain
Food Recommendation for HBP
DASH, Fiber rich foods, low salt foods-RDA 1500, Less red meat, more fruits and veg, low-fat dairy, more fish and poultry
DASH diet recommendations for HBP
Increase Calcium, Decrease sodium, Increase Potassium, Increase magnesium
Desirable Blood Pressure
120/80
Borderline blood pressure
120-139/80-89
High Risk Blood Pressure
>140/>90