NEP Kidney Disease practice questions

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a major function of the kidneys?
a. Maintenance of acid-base balance
b. Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance
c. Activation of vitamin K
d. Elimination of metabolic waste products

c.

Normal blood urea nitrogen levels are ________ milligrams per deciliter.
a. 6 to 20
b. 22 to 35
c. 36 to 49
d. 5 to 18

a.

Diet therapy for the nephrotic syndrome includes a diet that is:
a. high in protein and low in saturated fat.
b. restricted in sodium and low in saturated fat.
c. low in saturated fat and low in protein.
d. restricted in sodium and high in protein.

b.

To determine fluid requirements for clients with acute renal failure, you would add ________ milliliters to the amount of urine output.

c.

The skin of a person with renal failure becomes dry, scaly and itchy. These are symptoms of:
a. high homocysteine levels.
b. nephrotic frost.
c. uremic syndrome.
d. acidosis.

c.

Bone disease is a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following is the least likely cause of renal osteodystrophy?
a. impairment of the kidney's activation of vitamin D
b. decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone
c. acidosis
d.

b

Once dialysis is initiated in a client with chronic kidney disease, the protein recommendation:
a. remains the same.
b. emphasizes the addition of nonessential amino acid sources.
c. is more restrictive.
d. is less restrictive.

d

Renal failure diets would be least restrictive for ________ .
a. calcium
b. sodium
c. protein
d. phosphorus

a

Erythropoietin is often administered to patients with chronic renal failure to:
a. decrease blood pressure.
b. prevent bone loss.
c. treat anemia.
d. bind phosphorus.

c.

The diet for someone with renal insufficiency should contain from ________ milligrams of sodium per day.
a. 1000 to 2000
b. 2000 to 3000
c. 3000 to 4000
d. 500 to 1000

b

What is the best dietary choice for a patient on a renal diet?
a. fruit ices
b. low-potassium fresh fruits
c. fruit popsicles
d. fruit-based soups

b.

Protein-restricted diets are restricted in ________ as well.
a. potassium
b. sodium
c. phosphorus
d. fluid

c.

Which vitamin supplement is most beneficial for dialysis patients?
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin C
c. vitamin B6
d. vitamin D

c.

A renal client frequently complains of muscle cramping and twitching in his legs. These are most likely to be symptoms of:
a. malnutrition.
b. uremia.
c. hypokalemia.
d. excess sodium intake.

b

The preferred diet for treatment of nephrotic syndrome is:
a. low in fat and high in protein.
b. restricted in potassium.
c. low in saturated fat.
d. high in protein.

c

People with nephrotic syndrome often have:
a. liver disease.
b. GI bleeding.
c. altered blood lipids.
d. pancreatitis

c.

Most kidney stones are composed of:
a. struvite.
b. uric acid.
c. calcium oxalate.
d. cystine.

c.

Patients who form calcium oxalate stones would be advised to follow three of the following dietary recommendations. Which is the exception?
a. A diet restricted in methionine
b. A diet with limited sodium intake
c. A diet with limited oxalate intake
d. A

a.

The advantages of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis include three of the following. Which is the exception?
a. There are fewer dietary restrictions.
b. The procedure can be scheduled when convenient.
c. There is a decreased risk of blood clotting.
d.

c.