scale degree names
1 Tonic, 2 Supertonic, 3 Mediant, 4 Subdominant, 5 Dominant, 6 Submediant, 7 Leading Tone
7 subtonic
the 7th scale degree a whole step below tonic in the natural minor scale
6 raised submediant
the 6th scale degree in the melodic form of minor
blues scale
a seven note scale, counting the octave, that does not have a second or sixth scale degree but includes the flatted fifth and the fifth
circle of fifths
demonstrates the relationship of the tonal centers to each other
chromatic
a symmetrical scale with all the pitches spaced a half step apart
diatonic
within the scale, notes that occur naturally in a standard major or minor scale without being modified by accidentals other than the sharps or flats in the relevant key signature
key
a specific series of pitches based on a pattern of whole and half steps that define a tonality
minor pentachord
the same first 5 notes of the natural, harmonic, and melodic minor scales
major tetrachord
whole-step, whole-step, half-step
major
designating a scale or mode having half steps between the third and fourth and the seventh and eighth degrees
ionian
major
harmonic minor
the 7th scale degree is raised both ascending and descending, but leaves the other notes the same as natural minor
melodic minor
a minor scale with the 6th and 7th degrees raised while ascending and lowered while descending
natural minor
a minor scale with the diatonic whole intervals being whole steps except those half steps between 2-3 and 5-6
Aeolian
natural minor
dorian
similar to natural minor with a raised 6th scale degree
phrygian
natural minor with a lowered 2nd scale degree
lydian
major with a raised 4th scale degree
mixolydian
major with a lowered 7th scale degree
locrian
natural minor with a lowered 2nd and 5th scale degree
modality
keys defined as major or minor
movable-Do solfeggio system
in which Do is always the tonic
octatonic scale
alternating whole step with half step intervals
diminished scale
octatonic scale
parallel key
major and minor keys with different key signatures but with the same tonic
pentatonic scale
a musical scale with five notes per octave
relative key
major and minor scales that have the same pitches and therefore the same key signature are called relative
scalar variance
the use of natural, harmonic, and melodic minor within one composition
tonal
the tonality
tonality
the principle of organizing a composition around that key note or tonic
tonic
the beginning pitch; the tone on which the scale is built; Do
whole-tone scale
a scale in which all notes are separated by one whole note interval
scale
an ordered collection of pitches in whole- and half- step patterns
major pentachord
whole note, whole note, half note
artificial scales
the harmonic and melodic forms of minor that vary from the key signature and require the use of additional accidentals to create the scale
altered scales
artificial scales
scale degree
each step of the scale
scale step
scale degree
supertonic
the prefix super, meaning above the tonic; Re
mediant
in the median position, halfway between tonic and dominant; Mi
subdominant
the prefix sub, meaning below, refers to this pitch as a fifth below the tonic, or the lower dominant; Fa
dominant
refers to this pitch dominating the tonality; a perfect fifth above tonic; So
submediant
the median pitch, in between the lower dominant (subdominant) and the tonic; La
leading tone
leading tone; leads upward toward resolution to the tonic; Ti
active tones
the strongest and most stable tones; scale degrees 4, 6, and 7
heptatonic scale
major scale that has seven tones