1st and 2nd endings
play the 1st ending the first time throughl repeat the music, but skip over the 1st ending and play the 2nd ending instead
accent
play the note with a strong attack
accidentals
sharps, flats, or naturals not included in the key signature
allegro
a fast tempo
alto clef
third line of staff is middle C
arpeggio
the notes of a chord played one after another
bass clef
fourth line on the staff is f
chord
three or more notes played at the same time
chromatics
a series of notes that move in half steps
concerto
a composition for orchestra and soloist
courtesy accidentals
accidentals that appear in parantehese as a reminder of the key signature
crescendo
gradually play louder
D.C. al Fine
repeat from the beginning and play to the Fine
decrescendo
gradually play softer
dot
increases the length of the note by half its value
double bar line
indicates the end of a section or a composition
dynamics
changes in volume
fermata
hold the note longer than its normal value
Fine
the end of a piece of music
forte-piano
indicates to play forte the first time, and then piano on the repeat
fortepiano
indicates to play forte and then suddenly soften to piano
half step
the smallest distance between two notes
interval
the distance between two notes
key signature
appears at the beginning of the staff, and indicates which notes will be played sharp or flat
ledger line
short, horizontal line used to extend a staff either higher or lower
octave
the interval of an 8th
mezzo forte
medium loud
pentatonic scale
a scale with five notes
piano
play softly
rallentando
becoming gradually slower
ritardando
becoming graudually slower
round
music in which players start the piece at different times
scale
a series of notes that go up or down the musical alphabet in a specific order of whole steps and half steps; the lowest and highest ntoes of the scale are always the same letter name
slur
a curved line placed above or below two or more differnt notesl it tells you to play the notes without breaking the notes
solo
a piece that is performed alone or with an accompanist
staccato
play short and detached, separate the notes
tempo marking
indicates the speed of the music
tenuto
hold the notes for its full value and play smoothyl
theme
a central musical idea or melody
variations
changes of the theme
tie
a curved line that connects two or more notes of the same pitch; the tied notes are played as onelonger note with the combined value of both notes
time signature or meter
indicates the number of beats in each measure and the type of note that receives one beat
treble clef
indicates second line of the staff is G
a tempo
return to the original tempo
alla marcia
to play in a march-like manner
binary form
AB
cantabile
to play in a singing manner
chamber music
playing a piece of music with one player per part
D.C al Coda
repeat from the beginning and play to the "to Coda" and then skip to the Coda
dolce
to play sweetly
D.S. al Coda
repeat from the sign and play to the "To Coda" and then skip to the coda
D.S. al Fine
repeat from the sign and play to the Fine
form
the oranization and musical structure of a piece
fortissimo
play very loud
intonation
the ability to play or sing in tune
maestoso
to play in a majestic manner
mezzo piano
play medium soft
pesante
to play in a heavy manner
pianissimo
play very softly
syncopation
occurs when there is emphasis on a weak beat
tutti
everyone plays together
marcato
an accented or stressed note
sight-reading
to play or read a piece for the first time
sforzando
a sudden and/or strong accent
tertiary form
ABA
transpose
change a composition from one key to another
tempo order
grave
lento
largo
adagio
andante
moderato
alleretto
allegro
vivace
presto
prestissimo
Unison
Same note
Opera
The Magic Flute- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart