What are the 3 assumption of the Kinetic Theory?
(1) all matter is composed of small particles (atoms, molecules and ions), (2) particles are in constant motion and (3) the particles are colliding with each other and walls of their container
What is thermal energy?
the total energy of the material's particles (kinetic vibrations, etc)
What does temperature mean in science?
the average kinetic energy of particles OR how fast the particles are moving.
Solid State
particles are closely packed together.
Liquid State
particles are moving more freely than in a solid.
Melting Point
the temperature in which a solid begins to liquify.
Heat of Fusion
the amount of energy required to change a substance from a solid phase to a liquid phase at its melting point.
Gas State
have a lot of kinetic energy; do not have a fixed volume of shape. Can spread far apart or contract to fill the container.
Boiling Point
The pressure of the vapor in the liquid is equal to external pressure acting on the surface of the liquid.
Heat of vaporization
the amount of energy required for liquid to become a gas.
Diffusion
is the spreading of particles throughout a given volume until they are uniformly distributed. Occurs in solid and liquids BUT most rapidly in gases.
Plasma
matter consisting of positive and negative charged particles; however, its overall charge is neutral.
Thermal Expansion
increase in the size of a substance when the temperature is increased.
Example of Expansion in Liquids
thermometer
Example of Expansion of Gases
Hot air balloon
Amorphous Solids
Greek word "without form"; these lack the highly ordered structure. Example: crystals
Liquid Crystals
Used in displays of watches, clocks and some notebook computers. Highly responsive to temperature changes and electric fields.