Interval
Distance between two notes.
Melodic Interval
Sounding one after another as in a melody.
Harmonic Interval
Two notes sounding at the same time.
quantity and quality
Used to describe exact interval size.
Minor
Interval that is one half step smaller than major (quantity stays the same).
Diminished
Interval that is one half step smaller than perfect or minor (quantity stays the same).
Augmented
Interval that is one half step larger than perfect or major (quality stays the same).
Enharmonic
Intervals sound the same but are spelled differently.
Tritone
Augmented fourth
Doubly Augmented
When a major or perfect interval is made one whole step larger, without changing the letter names of the pitches.
Doubly Diminished
When a minor or perfect interval is made one whole step smaller without changing the letter names of the pitches.
Inverted Interval
Made by transferring the lower note an octave higher or by transferring the higher note an octave lower.
Simple Intervals
Intervals that are one octave or smaller
Compound Intervals
Intervals that are larger than an octave
Consonant Intervals
P1, P5, P8, m3, M6, m6, and sometimes the P4, depending on context.
Dissonant Intervals
M2, m2, M7, m7, all augmented and diminished intervals, and sometimes the P4, which is generally considered a dissonance when used harmonically above the bass.
Resolution
The motion of the dissonant interval to the consonant that acts as its goal.
Triad
A three-note chord made up of two intervals stacked in thirds. Made up of a root, third, and fifth.
Major Triad
M3 and P5
Minor Triad
m3 and P5
Augmented Triad
M3 and A5
Diminished Triad
m3 and dim5
Inversions
Triads that have a chord member other than the root as the lowest sounding voice (the bass).
Root Position
When the root of the chord is in the bass
First Inversion
When the third of the chord is in the bass
Second Inversion
When the fifth of the chord is in the bass
Subtonic Triad
The chord built on the seventh scale degree in the natural minor.
Seventh Chord
Contains four notes - The root, third, fifth, and seventh.
Major Seventh
Major triad and Major seventh
Dominant Seventh
Major triad and minor seventh (a)
Major-minor seventh
Major triad and minor seventh (b)
Minor seventh
minor triad and minor seventh
Half-diminished seventh
Diminished triad and minor seventh
Fully-diminished seventh
Diminished triad and diminished seventh