scale
an ordered collection of pitches in whole- and half-step patterns
etymology of "scale
latin scalae; stairs, or ladder
chromatic scale
a symmetrical scale with all pitches spaced a half step apart
when writing an ascending chromatic....
use sharps
when writing a descending chromatic....
use flats
major scale pattern
w, w, h, w, w, w, h
tetrachord
Series of four notes having a pattern of whole step, whole step, half step
major tetrachord
having a pattern of whole step, whole step, half step
key
a specific set of pitches based on a pattern of whole and half steps that define tonality
tonality
the principal of organizing a composition around a key note, or tonic
tonic
a key note, not necessarily the key
modality
the category of mode that a key falls into (major, minor, or other)
key signature
shows which pitches are to be sharp or flat consistently throughout the piece, helps determine tonal center
order of sharps
Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle
order of flats
Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles' Father.
exception to the down-up rule is....
when the sharp would land on a ledger line
the three forms of the minor scale
natural, harmonic, melodic
relative
major and minor scales that have the same pitches/key signature
minor pentachord
All three forms of minor(natural,harmonic,and melodic) begin with the same first five notes
parallel
major and minor keys with different key signatures but the same tonic
harmonic minor
the 7th scale degree is raised both ascending and descending,but leaves the other notes the same as natural minor so that the 7th scale degree once again leads to tonic.
melodic minor
start with the minor pentachord, then raise both the 6th and the 7th scale degrees when the melody is ascending. the descending melodic minor scale reverts back to the natural form.
scalar variance
the use of all three forms of minor in the same piece
the signals of a minor mode
the occurrence of sharps (or naturals) in a flat key
scale degree
each step of the scale, usually use scale degree number, name,and solfege syllable to identify scale members.
scale degree name
tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, leading tone
scale degree number
1,2,3,4,5,6,7, with a caret above the number
tonic
1, the tone on which the scale is built
supertonic
2, above the tonic
Mediant
3, halfway between tonic and dominant
Subdominant
4, a fifth below the tonic, or the lower dominant
Dominant
5, dominating the tonality. it is a perfect fifth above tonic
Submediant
6, in-between the lower dominant (subdominant) and the tonic
Leading tone
leads upward toward resolution to the tonic
subtonic
the 7th scale degree in natural minor, meaning a whole step below tonic, the term leading tone is not used in natural minor.
the strongest most stable pitch
tonic
active tones
have the most musical energy to resolve
examples of active tones
Fa, La, Ti
most active tone, and what it resolves to
Ti, Do
second most active tone, and what it resolves to
Fa, Mi
third most active tone, and what it resolves to
La, So
fourth most active tone, and what it resolves to
Re, Do
resolution tones
what the most active tones move to
examples of resolution tones
Do, Mi, So
pentatonic scales
scales that has five tones (not including octave)
number of tones in a whole tone scale
7 tones (including octave)
heptatonic scales
scales that have seven tones (not including octave)
how many tones do diminished scales have?
eight tones (not including octave)
composition of a diminished scale
alternating whole and half steps
number of tones in a blues scale
six tones (not including octave)
composition of a blues scale (tone numbers)
1-b3-4-b5-5-b7-1
what are the flatted notes called in a blues scale?
the "blue" ones
mode is a synonym for...
scale
ionian mode identification
major scale
dorian mode identification
the natural minor, with the La raised
phyrigian mode identification
the natural minor, with the Re lowered
lydian mode identification
the major, with the Fa raised
mixolydian mode identification
the major, with the Ti lowered
aeolian mode identification
the natural minor
locrian mode identification
the natural minor, with the Re and So lowered
mnemonic for ordering the modes
I Don't Play Loud Music At Lunch
the two modes identified with the major
lydian, mixolydian
the three modes identified with the minor
phrygian, aeolian, dorian
scale
an ordered collection of pitches in whole- and half-step patterns
etymology of "scale
latin scalae; stairs, or ladder
chromatic scale
a symmetrical scale with all pitches spaced a half step apart
when writing an ascending chromatic....
use sharps
when writing a descending chromatic....
use flats
major scale pattern
w, w, h, w, w, w, h
tetrachord
Series of four notes having a pattern of whole step, whole step, half step
major tetrachord
having a pattern of whole step, whole step, half step
key
a specific set of pitches based on a pattern of whole and half steps that define tonality
tonality
the principal of organizing a composition around a key note, or tonic
tonic
a key note, not necessarily the key
modality
the category of mode that a key falls into (major, minor, or other)
key signature
shows which pitches are to be sharp or flat consistently throughout the piece, helps determine tonal center
order of sharps
Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle
order of flats
Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles' Father.
exception to the down-up rule is....
when the sharp would land on a ledger line
the three forms of the minor scale
natural, harmonic, melodic
relative
major and minor scales that have the same pitches/key signature
minor pentachord
All three forms of minor(natural,harmonic,and melodic) begin with the same first five notes
parallel
major and minor keys with different key signatures but the same tonic
harmonic minor
the 7th scale degree is raised both ascending and descending,but leaves the other notes the same as natural minor so that the 7th scale degree once again leads to tonic.
melodic minor
start with the minor pentachord, then raise both the 6th and the 7th scale degrees when the melody is ascending. the descending melodic minor scale reverts back to the natural form.
scalar variance
the use of all three forms of minor in the same piece
the signals of a minor mode
the occurrence of sharps (or naturals) in a flat key
scale degree
each step of the scale, usually use scale degree number, name,and solfege syllable to identify scale members.
scale degree name
tonic, supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, leading tone
scale degree number
1,2,3,4,5,6,7, with a caret above the number
tonic
1, the tone on which the scale is built
supertonic
2, above the tonic
Mediant
3, halfway between tonic and dominant
Subdominant
4, a fifth below the tonic, or the lower dominant
Dominant
5, dominating the tonality. it is a perfect fifth above tonic
Submediant
6, in-between the lower dominant (subdominant) and the tonic
Leading tone
leads upward toward resolution to the tonic
subtonic
the 7th scale degree in natural minor, meaning a whole step below tonic, the term leading tone is not used in natural minor.
the strongest most stable pitch
tonic
active tones
have the most musical energy to resolve
examples of active tones
Fa, La, Ti
most active tone, and what it resolves to
Ti, Do
second most active tone, and what it resolves to
Fa, Mi
third most active tone, and what it resolves to
La, So
fourth most active tone, and what it resolves to
Re, Do
resolution tones
what the most active tones move to
examples of resolution tones
Do, Mi, So
pentatonic scales
scales that has five tones (not including octave)
number of tones in a whole tone scale
7 tones (including octave)
heptatonic scales
scales that have seven tones (not including octave)
how many tones do diminished scales have?
eight tones (not including octave)
composition of a diminished scale
alternating whole and half steps
number of tones in a blues scale
six tones (not including octave)
composition of a blues scale (tone numbers)
1-b3-4-b5-5-b7-1
what are the flatted notes called in a blues scale?
the "blue" ones
mode is a synonym for...
scale
ionian mode identification
major scale
dorian mode identification
the natural minor, with the La raised
phyrigian mode identification
the natural minor, with the Re lowered
lydian mode identification
the major, with the Fa raised
mixolydian mode identification
the major, with the Ti lowered
aeolian mode identification
the natural minor
locrian mode identification
the natural minor, with the Re and So lowered
mnemonic for ordering the modes
I Don't Play Loud Music At Lunch
the two modes identified with the major
lydian, mixolydian
the three modes identified with the minor
phrygian, aeolian, dorian