Bach
Boroque; 200+ Cantatas, concertos, toccatas, fugues; organ virtuoso.
Beethoven
Classic/Romantic; 9 symphonies, 16+ string quartets, 32 piano sonatas; "supreme architect in music
Chopin
Romantic; 2 piano concertos, 3 piano sonatas, preludes, etudes, mazurkas; output revolved around piano.
Corelli
Baroque; trio sonatas, violinists and violin teacher
Cozzolani
Baroque; Magnificats, motets, masses; lived in covenant, directed choirs
Gabrieli
Renaissance; canzonas; first composer to specify instrumentation and dynamics
Handel
Baroque; English oratories, orchestral suites
Haydn
Classical; 104 symphonies, 68 string quartets; court composer for the Esterhazy family; first master of the string quartet
Hildegard von Bingen
Medieval; gregorian chant
Josquin
Renaissance; 100+ motets, 17+ masses, secular songs; greatest composer of first half of Renaissance era.
Leonin and Perotin
Medieval; organum
Mendelssohn Hensel
Romantic; 125+ piano works, 250+ lieder; wrote Das Yahr as musical diary of travels
Monteverdi
Baroque; first master of opera
Mozart
Classical; 41 symphonies, 27 piano concertos, 17 piano sonatas, operas; virtuoso pianist; child prodigy
Palestrina
Renaissance; over 100 masses; polyphonic works met council of Trent guidelines.
Purcell
Baroque; English court composer; assimilated Italian operatic style into his English operas.
Scarlatti
Baroque; over 550 solo keyboard sonatas, harpsichord virtuoso
Schubert
Romantic; over 600 lieder, 3 song cycles, 9 symphonies, (including 1 unfinished), instrumental chamber music
Schumann
Romantic; over 100 lieder, song cycles, 4 symphonies; established music criticism publication
Troubadours and trouveres
Medieval; courtly songs about love and chivalry
Berg
20th/21st century; Expressionist; 2 operas (died before completing 2nd), violin concerto, chamber music, piano music, songs.
Berlioz
Romantic; program symphonies, overtures, choral music; bold innovator or early Romantic era, master of orchestration; coined the term idee fixed
Bizet
Romantic; french operas, Symphony in C, incidental music; frequent use of exoticism
Brahms
Romantic; 4 symphonies, 4 concertos, overtures, piano music, 200+ lieder, German requiem, master of classical forms and absolute music
Debussy
Romantic/ 20th/21st century; impressionist, symphonic poem, 1 opera, 1 ballet, chamber music, distinct style of piano writing is among core of modern repertoire
Dvorak
Romantic; 9 symphonies, symphonic poems, 14 operas, concertos, songs, keyboard music; professor in Prague; 3 year stay for 3 years.
Faure
Romantic; requiem, 3 operas, incidental music to 6 plays; attended and taught at school for church music in Paris; Director of Paris Conservatory.
Grieg
Romantic; Norwegian nationalist composer; incidental music, piano concerto, other piano music.
Lizst
Romantic; symphonic poems, 2 piano concertos, piano works; virtuoso pianist and showman; invented the symphonic poem.
Mahler
Romantic; 9 symphonies (plus sketches for a 10th), song cycles with orchestra, other lieder, conductor of vienna Opera, Metropolitan Opera (NYC), and New York Philharmonic
Felix Mendelssohn
Romantic; 5 symphonies, 2 concertos, 1 violin concerto, incidental music, concert overtures, conducted Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, founded Leipzig Conservatory.
Puccini
Romantic; 12 Italian operas; verismo subject matter; died before completing final opera
Ravel
Romantic/ 20th/21st century; impressionist; 2 piano concertos, 3 ballets, 2 operas, songs (with orchestra, and with piano); master of orchestration, used large orchestra
Schoenberg
20th/ 21st century; orchestral works, operas, chamber music; pioneered 12-tone method of composition; 1st composer to completely dispense with tonality.
Clara Schumann
Romantic; 1 piano concerto, 1 piano trio, other piano music, songs; virtuoso pianist; foremost interpreter of Brahams and Robert Schumann.
Stravinsky
20th/21st century; ballets (including 3 commissioned by Ballet Russes); worldwide tours made him the most celebrated figure of the 20th century
Tchaikovsky
Romantic; 3 ballets, 6 symphonies, 3 piano concertos, violin concerto, concerto overtures; received patronage of wealthy widow of industrialist
Verdi
Romantic; 28 operas, primarily Italian; prized melody above all; commissioned to write for La Scala opera house in Milan
Wagner
Romantic; 12 German operas; he was his own librettist. Coined the term Gesamtkunstwerk (total artwork)
Webern
20th/21st century; orchestral music, chamber music, choral music, songs, favored brevity and total serialism; expanded klangfarbenmelodie
2 woodwind instruments
flute; clarinet
2 brass instruments
french horn; trombone
2 bowed string instruments
cello; violin
2 plucked string instruments
harp; mandolin
2 percussion instruments of definite pitch
chimes; marimba
2 percussion instruments of indefinite pitch
cymbal; gong
keyboard instruments
piano;harpsichord
contrabassoon
produces the lowest note in the orchestra; used to tune
polyphony; 1)rhythm 2)notation
single most important development of western music and 2 points of why
ryhthm
the controlled movement of music in time
melody
individual pitches strung together to create a recognizable whole; the line, or tune, in music; the horizontal component in music.
texture
the intertwining of the horizontal and vertical elements in the musical fabric
Harmony
The simultaneous combination of notes and the ensuing relationships of intervals and chords; the vertical component of music
flute, oboe, clarinet, French horn, bassoon
Woodwind quintet
2 trumpets, french horn, trombone, tuba
brass quintet
Gregorian chant
monophonic melody with a freely flowing, unmeasured vocal line; liturgical chant of the Roman Catholic church (also seen as plainchant and plainsong)
Organum
Earliest example of western polyphonic music and it is usually performed in English
motet
Polyphonic vocal genre, often secular during the medieval times but then sacred there after.
trio sonata
Baroque chamber sonata type written in three parts; 2 melody lines and the basso continuo; often requires four players to perform
troubadour song
Medieval poet musicians in southern France
opera
Music drama that is usually sung throughout, combining the resources of vocal and instrumental music with poetry and drama, acting and dancing, scenery and costume.
madrigal
The most important secular genre during the renaissance era
chanson
French monophonic or polyphonic song, especially of Renaissance and medieval, set to either court or popular poetry; In french
magnificat
Biblican text on the words of Virgin Mary, sung polyphonically in church from the Renaissance era
fugue
Polyphonic form popular in the Baroque era in which one or more themes are developed by imitative counterparts
canzona
Late 16th/17th century instrumental genre featuring contrasting sections with contrapuntal versus homophonic textures and changing meter
oratoria
Large-scale dramatic genre originating in the Baroque, based on a text of religious or serious character, performed by solo voices, chorus, and orchestra; similar to opera but without scenery, costumes, and action.
mass
Central service of a Roman Catholic Church
2 violins, viola, cello
string quartet
cantatas
They are written for use during a church service;
overture
An instrumental movement at the beginning of an opera, played before the curtain opens.
symphony
descendant from the opera overture;
concerto
Instrumental genre in several movements for solo instrument (or instrumental group) and orchestra
incidental music
This music form is written to accompany dramatic works
piano trio
Standard chamber ensemble for piano with violin and cello
character piece
romantic ;A short lyrical piano work that often has a descriptive title.
Requiem
Performed in latin; Catholic mass performed for honor of the dead
symphonic poem
one movement orchestral form that developes a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood, usually associated with the Romantic era
concert overture, incidental music, program symphony, symphonic poem
Name the 4 genres of romantic era program music discussed in class
lied (plural lieder)
German for "song" most commonly associated with the solo art song of the 19th century, usually accompanied by the piano.
Movement 1: fast; sonata allegro
Movement 2: slow; ABA or theme and varaition
Movement 3: dance; Minute and trio
Movement 4: fast; rondo
Give the plan for a typical classical symphony
overture, concerto, symphony
Typical symphony orchestra concert program
absolute music
music for musics sake" not endowed with literary or pictorial associations
cyclical form
structure in which a musical idea in one movement returns in later movements; ex: Beethovens Symphony No. 5
suite
Multi movement work made up of a series of contrasting dance movements, generally all in the same key
string quartet
Was the most important chamber genre in the classical era;
sonata
instrumental genre in several movements for soloist of small ensemble group
Baroque
Concerto grosso was written primarily in this era;
ballet
Dance form featuring a staged presentation of group or solo dancing with music, costumes, and scenery
program symphony
multi movement programmatic orchestral work, typically from the 19th century
song cycle
Group of songs that are unified musically or through their texts
Chuck Berry
who performed Roll over Beethoven?
Rolling stones
Who performed 19th nervous breakdown?
Bob Dylan
Who performed Mr. Tambourine Man?
Madonna
Who performed Like a virgin?
Nirvana
Who performed Smells Like Teen Spirit?
Serialism
Various musical elements (pitch, rhythm, dynamic, timbre) may be order in a fixed series
Neoclassicism
Artistic movement that sought to revive balance and objectivity in the arts by returning to formal structures of the past
impressionism
French artistic movement in which artists preferred vague, blurry images lacking hard lines.
expressionism
German artistic movement concerned with ruthless expression of disturbing or distasteful emotions
exoticism
Musical style in which rhythms, melodies, and/or instruments evoke color and atmosphere of far-off lands
Klangfarbenmelodie
tone color melody" notes of a melody are given to different instruments for a pointillisitc texture
Sprechstimme
Vocal style where melody is spoken off pitch
Leitmotif
leading motive" recurring theme which represents a person place or idea.
Idee fixed
fixed idea" recurring musical idea which links different movements of a work
atonality
music with no key center