wavelength
the distance between one wave and the next in sound
frequency
the rate of vibration measure in hertz (times per second)
dynamic
wave height
waveform
the shape and form of the sound wave as it moves in distance and frequency.
timbre
made up of more than one frequency, often involves harmonies or overtones.
consonant
notes that are low members of the same overtone series that sound pleasant together
dissonant
when notes clash
envelope
consists of the sound's attack, sustain, and release
articulation
the manner in which the note begins, sustains, and ends
duration
the length of time sound and silence lasts
C Clef
The clef used for vocal ranges. The clef is moved from line to line to show where middle C (C4) is located.
monophonic
when music is a single line of melody
polyphonic
when music is layered with multiple lines being sung or played at the same time
treble clef
when the G clef is placed on the second line of the staff (G above middle C or G4)
bass clef
when the F clef is placed on the fourth line of the staff (F below middle C or F3)
the grand staff
combines both the treble and bass clefs, is used by piano or for notating female and male voices in chorale/hymn style.
system
when multiple staves are connected together by bar lines. Example would be the grand staff.
ledger lines
small lines that extend the staff while still keeping the 5 lines/4 spaces intact when notes are above or below the staff.
interval
the distance or space between two notes
half step
the smallest interval between two notes
sharp
raises the pitch one half step above its natural pitch
flat
lowers the pitch one half step below its natural pitch
enharmonic equivalents
example: A sharp and B flat
double sharp
raises the pitch two half steps above its natural pitch
double flat
lowers the pitch two half steps below its natural pitch
natural
the musical symbol that cancels out a flat or sharp