Supply Chain
Includes all of the companies involved in all of the upstream and downstream flows of products, services, finances, and information, from initial suppliers (the point of origin) to the ultimate customer (the point of consumption)
Supply chain management
A management system that coordinates and integrates all of the activities performed by supply chain members into a seamless process, from the source to the point of consumption, ultimately giving supply chain managers "total visibility" of the supply chai
Supply chain integration
A systems approach where the overall performance of the chain is greater than the sum of its parts and occurs when multiple functional areas coordinate business processes so that they are seamlessly linked to one another
Integrated
Management practices that reflect a highly coordinated effort between supply chain firms or across business functions within the same or different firms are said to be ______
Internal
From an _____ perspective, the very best companies develop a managerial orientation toward demand-supply integration (DSI)
DSI
Under the _____ philosophy, those functional areas in the company charged with creating customer demand (such as marketing, sales, or research/development) communicate frequently and are synchronized with the parts of the business charged with fulfilling
Relationship integration
The ability of two or more companies to develop social connections that serve to guide their interactions when working together
Measurement integration
The performance assessment of the supply chain as a whole that also holds each individual firm or business unit accountable for meeting its own goals
Technology and planning integration
Refers to the creation and maintenance of information technology systems that connect managers across the firms in the supply chain; it requires information hardware and software systems that can exchange information when needed between customers, supplie
Material and service supplier integration
Requires firms to link seamlessly to those outsiders that provide goods and services to them so that they can streamline work processes and thereby provide smooth, high-quality customer experiences
Customer integration
A competency that enables firms to offer long-lasting, distinctive, value-added offerings to those customers who represent the greatest value to the firm or supply chain
External integration
These make up which integration: Relationship, measurement, technology and planning, material and service supplier, and customer
Customer relationship management
Allows companies to prioritize their marketing focus on different customer groups according to each group's long-term value to the company or supply chain, this process includes customer segmentation by value and subsequent generation of customer loyalty
Customer service management
Presents a multi-company, unified response system to the customer whenever complaints, concerns, questions, or comments are voiced
Demand mangement
Seeks to align supply and demand throughout the supply chain by anticipating customer requirements at each level and creating demand-related plans of action prior to actual customer purchasing behavior
Order fulfillment
A highly integrated process, often requiring persons from multiple companies and multiple functions to come together and coordinate to create customer satisfaction at a given place and time
Manufacturing flow management
Is concerned with ensuring that firms in the supply chain have the needed resources to manufacture with flexibility and to move products through a multistage production process
Supplier relationship management
Closely related to the manufacturing flow management process and contains several characteristics that parallel the customer relationship management process
Product development and commercialization
Includes the group of activities that facilitates the joint development and marketing of new offerings among a group of supply chain partner firms
Returns maangement
The process enables firms to manage volumes of returned product efficiently, while minimizing returns-related costs and maximizing the value of the returned assets to the firms in the supply chain
Orchestracting
Critical to the success of any supply chain is _____ that means by which products move physically through it
Logistical components of the supply chain
These make up what: supply management, inventory control, order processing, production, warehousing and materials handling, and transportation
Supply management
Plan strategies and develop specifications
Inventory control
Develops and maintains an adequate assortment of materials or products to meet a manufacturer's or a customer's demands
Order processing
Processes the requirements of the customer and sends the information into the supply chain via the logistics information system
Production
Build to stock, build to order, and postponement
Build to stock
A production method whereby products are made in advance of demand based on forecasts and are stored until customer orders arrive
Build to order
A production method whereby products are not made until an order is placed by the customer; products are made according to customer specifications
Postponement
A hybrid production method whereby basic units of a finished good are manufactured in advance of actual demand and held in strategic form or location until demand occurs, when final customization takes place
Transportation
Rail, air, water, moto, and pipelines
Logistics information system
Serves as the link connecting all of the operational components of the supply chain
Outsourcing
Is rapidly growing initiative in which a manufacturer or supplier turns over an entire logistical function
3PL
A firm that provides functional logistics services to other
4PL
A consulting-based organization that assesses another's entire logistical service needs and provides integrated solutions, often drawing on multiple 3PLs for actual service