Name the philosopher who made the following statement: "Sometimes, when I set to thinking about the various activities of men, the dangers and troubles which they face at Court, or in war, giving rise to so many quarrels and passions, daring and often wic
Pascal
What are four ways that we can experience time?
Psychological, Liturgical, Physical, and Biological
Briefly describe the Strawman Fallacy.
Substituting a person's actual position or argument with a distorted, exaggerated, or misrepresented version of the position of the argument.
If someone were to claim that the reason he earned an "A" in his class was because he ate fried chicken the night he registered for it, this person would be guilty of what type of logical fallacy?
Post Hoc Ergo
Name the author of the following claim: "The limits of my language mean the limits of my world." What do you think this claim suggests?
Wittgenstein, Only speaking a single language limits your understanding of other cultures and the world as a whole.
Briefly describe Slippery Slope Fallacy.
It is an argument that suggests taking a minor action will lead to major and sometimes ludicrous consequences.
What is the Red Herring Fallacy?
It is an irrelevant topic introduced in an argument to divert the attention of listeners or readers from the original issue.
What says that nothing can be both so and not be so at the same time?
The Law of Non-Contradiction
The following construction is an example of what? All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal.
Syllogism
What is the name of the following paradox: "Is the set of all sets that are not members of themselves a member of itself?
Russell's paradox
Describe the paradox of Achilles and the Tortoise and name the philosopher associated with it.
Achilles paradox, Zeno
You are flipping a quarter to see which side you get more of, either heads or tails. After getting tails seven times in a row, you assume that heads is due next. Instead, to your anguish, you get tails again. What logical fallacy did you just commit?
Gambler's Fallacy
When someone attacks a person's character instead of addressing the question at hand, this is known as what type of logical fallacy?
Ad Hominem
What is the English translation of "post hoc ergo propter hoc" and to what common logical fallacy is it similar?
after this, therefore because of this.", Faulty Causation
The Santa-doesn't-exist experience is an example of what kind of crisis, according to Samuelson?
Epistimological
Who is the author of Deliverance from Error?
Al-Ghazali
The name "Israel" is sometimes translated as what?
wrestling with God
Explain how the word "religion" is similar to the words "ligament" and "alligator.
Religion means "to connect" or be together" ligament and alligator come from the same root.
When does the Jewish Sabbath begin.
Friday at sunset
Who is known for the following construction and by what name is it known? God is "that than which nothing greater can be thought.
Anselm, Ontological Argument
What is theodicy?
The vindication of divine goodness and providence in view of the existence of evil
A proof for the existence of God that is based on what we know from our experience and observation of nature is known as what type of proof?
Cosmological
How is the etymology of the word "agnostic" related to the ancient Christian heresy of gnosticism?
comes from the ancient Greek "�gn?stos", which means without knowledge or ignorant. "gnosis" means knowledge or understanding. The Gnostics were anti-orthodox and considered heretics.
What is the difference between "moral" evil and "natural" evil?
Moral evil is "caused by human activity" directly, Natural evil is evil which "no non-divine agent can be held morally responsible for its occurrence.
When Kant tells you to act as if your action could become a universal law, to which principle is he referring and what common rule is he re-formulating?
Categorical Imperative, The Golden Rule: "Treat others as you would want them to treat you.
What is consequentialist moral reasoning?
Thinking about what the result of an action will be.
What is categorical (or deontological) moral reasoning?
Thinking about what actions would cause the something to occur.
What did Friedrich Nietzsche call his "ethic of strength" that says that the "superman... is above herd morality and deserves to express his natural strength and superiority freely over the herd"?
The Will to Power
What constitutes the "banality of evil" described by Hannah Arendt?
A phenomenon which stared one in the face at the trial," The 1961 trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi official charged with the orderly extermination of Europe's Jews.
What is the name of the author and the title of the book in which the author advises a leader that it is better to be feared than to be loved?
Machiavelli, The Prince
What is the name of the author and the title of the book in which one of the characters, lampooning Leibniz's philosophy, claims that this is "the best of all possible worlds"?
Leibniz, Th�odic�e
Briefly describe what Gutting refers to as the "no-argument" argument.
The "no-argument" argument refers to something that supersedes science and requires no argument to believe or uphold
If your PHIL 203 professor tells you that failing to submit a Dasein assignment will lead you to drop out of college, he is guilty of what logical fallacy.
The Slippery Slope Fallacy
If you are the switch operator in the Trolley Problem scenario and you decide to switch the track so that the trolley will kill the one worker instead of the five, then what type of moral reasoning may you be following--consequentialist or categorical?
Consequentialist
If you are stranded at sea with only one other badly sick person who is almost at the point of death and you think that by killing this person you could survive by cannibalizing their body and yet you refuse to kill the person, then you may be said to be
Categorical
What is the name of the author and the title of the book in which we find the claim that "the state is the soul writ large"?
Plato, Republic
Who were the rulers of Plato's ideal state?
Philosopher kings
What is "General Education" in a college curriculum and why does it matter?
General Education requires that students branch out into fields they might not have wanted or needed for their degree field, in order to have a well rounded educational experience.
The word "curriculum" is derived from a Latin word that means what?
To run
The word "campus" is derived from a Latin word that means what?
Field
Name the person credited with expressing the following statement and the title of the work from which it is drawn: "Only one who bursts with eagerness do I instruct; only one who bubbles with excitement, do I enlighten. If I hold up one corner and a man c
Confucius, The Analects
Who proclaims that merely having information doesn't mean that you have knowledge?
Heidegger
Name the person credited with expressing the following statement and the title of the work from which it is drawn: "Being able to question means being able to wait, even for a lifetime.
Heidegger, Introduction to Metaphysics
The branch of philosophy that addresses topics such as design, beauty, art, the sublime, and taste is known as what?
Aesthetics
Is Mozart better than the Beatles? Is that a fair question?
The question requires a subjective answer, if the question were worded differently it could be provided with a more objective answer. My answer is the Beatles because I enjoy listening to the Beatles while I hardly ever listen to Mozart.
Discuss the following statement from John Dewey's Art as Experience: "Philosophy is said to begin in wonder and end in understanding. Art departs from what has been understood and ends in wonder.
Philosophy searches for answers to obscure and somewhat unscientific questions, Art is a manner of expression and while it may present answers or questions, not all art is not in this form and exists mostly for expression of emotions. Philosophy could see
Discuss the following statement from John Dewey's Art as Experience: "Through habits formed in intercourse with the world, we also in-habit the world.
Through living you create your own place and system in the world in which you/we live.
Discuss the following statement from John Dewey's Art as Experience: "But all rankings of higher and lower are, ultimately, out of place and stupid.
I believe he is essentially saying people ranking things is out of place because it is entirely subjective and somewhat pointless.