Audrey Richards conducted a detailed ethnography of the coming-of-age rituals of the Bemba, and is often credited with opening the door to the study of health and nutrition among women and children. Which of the four fields of anthropology was Richards wo
Culture Anthropology
Which concept refers to anthropology's commitment to looking at the full scope of human diversity and experience, including cultural, biological, historical, and linguistic aspects?
Holism
Anthropology has long studied the marginalized and remote segments of human society. Recently, a lot of research has begun to look at the upper segments of society, which can help us understand how the other marginalized groups come into being and exist a
Studying Up
Archaeology, the study of cultures in the human past, focuses on what?
Any human material remains
What type of anthropologist focuses on how humans have adapted to their environments over time?
Physical anthropologist
Anthropology looks at the complete diversity of human life across space and time. This kind of study requires a(n):
Belief that other cultures are normal
Which subfield of anthropology traces the history of human evolution in fossils?
Paleoanthropology
Both historic archaeologists and prehistoric archaeologists study the past through the analysis of artifacts. What do historic archeologists have access to that prehistoric archaeologists do not?
Written records
What is considered the most distinctive feature of being human?
Language
Cultural anthropologists employ the process of ethnology to:
Compare cultures.
Material remains help prehistoric archaeologists reconstruct
Human Behavior
What do garbage dumps offer to both anthropologists and archaeologists?
Understanding cultural practice
The so-called "N-word" would be most likely studied for its origins, uses, and meaning by a(n):
Sociolinguist.
In order to gain a complete understanding of any aspect of human behavior, the field of anthropology adopts what strategy?
four-field approach
In late nineteenth-century debates on American immigration, many scholars and government officials privileged immigrants from northern Europe over those from southern Europe, such as Italians and Greeks, because the officials felt these southern people we
ethnocentrism.
Pablo is an anthropologist studying the Japanese tea ceremony. He considers Japanese religion and history, as well as social relations, the politics of gender, and the language used to talk about the tea ceremony. Pablo's approach to studying the Japanese
holism
The sequencing of mitochondrial DNA to trace changes in human ancestors over time involves which specialization of anthropology?
paleoanthropology
Studying how men and women use language differently and how this regularly leads to miscommunication between them would demand a close examination of the cultural context of language. This would be the work of what type of anthropologist?
sociolinguist
What do we call the belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural and the practices of other people are abnormal and unnatural?
ethnocentrism
Cultural anthropologists like to hang out with the people they are studying and ask lots of questions as the people work, celebrate, dance, or play games. What is the term used for this process?
participant observation
An anthropologist who has conducted fieldwork on Mormon fundamentalists and their marriage patterns wants to now compare those patterns to those of Muslim tradition. What would this require?
conducting ethnological analysis
The Latin language of ancient Rome is no longer spoken routinely. What kind of work is needed to examine how Latin changed into the Romance languages of today (French, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, and Italian)?
historic linguistics
Participant observation as a research strategy is an essential part of which subfield of anthropology?
cultural anthropology
What type of anthropologists explore all aspects of living human culture�from war and violence to love, sexuality, and child rearing�and look at the meanings that people from all over the world place on these things?
cultural anthropologists
Anthropologists take a comprehensive approach to understanding human beings. They accomplish this task by:
using the four-field approach.
The scientific discipline that looks at genetics, evolution, the fossil record, and our closest relatives in the animal kingdom in order to gain a greater understanding of what it means to be human is known as:
physical anthropology.
What do we call an anthropologist working among a Native American group to map their spoken language into a written form?
descriptive linguist
What kind of researchers work to record languages that are disappearing by finding the last speakers and making recordings and dictionaries to preserve them for the future?
descriptive linguists
Ancient rift valleys and deep caves often contain human fossils that can provide clues about human evolution and the lives of our ancestors. What do we call an anthropologist who examines just the human evolutionary aspect of fossils?
paleoanthropologist
What field of anthropology studies monkeys and apes, but not human beings?
primatology
The huge inflow of refugees from the wars in the Middle East to parts of Europe and Scandinavia has created a lot of social and political problems in those countries where the refugees wind up. What kind of anthropologist would offer useful input to the p
cultural anthropologist
Which discipline of anthropology studies human beings through the excavation and analysis of human material artifacts?
archaeology
Human beings have long been migrant, moving themselves, their material goods, and even ideas from one part of the world to another. What makes this process, which is now called globalization, seem so different today than in the past
intensification
The theory of time-space compression suggests that the way we think about time and space has been transformed. What do anthropologists think might be the underlying reason for this?
rapid innovation of communication and transportation
When companies move their production facilities around the world to take advantage of cheaper labor and lower taxes, what is this called by anthropologists?
flexible accumulation
Global poverty has risen dramatically over the past twenty years, and is generally considered a sign of what by anthropologists?
uneven development
Many large corporations�Walmart, General Motors, and others�routinely operate larger numbers of factories in places like China in order to take advantage of very cheap wages, putting workers in their home country out of a job. What is this an example of?
flexible accumulation
Changes in communication technology that have allowed military spouses to switch from mailing letters to their partners in Afghanistan to chatting with them on Skype are an example of what dynamic of globalization?
time-space compression
In the "Social Life of Things," we follow the path of a shoe. In this example, a corporation in the United States makes a large profit. At the same time, almost half of the people in Senegal live in poverty and many children suffer poor living conditions.
uneven development
Nepali workers building roads in India, Filipino maids in Saudi Arabia, and Turkish street repairmen in Germany are examples of which global dynamic?
increasing migration
The dramatic impact of globalization in the past, and even more so today, is driven by what kind of changes?
transportation and communication technologies
What key dynamic of globalization is characterized by the movement of people, not only between countries but also within the individual countries themselves
increasing migration
The Chinese government counts nearly 250 million internal migrants floating in China's cities. What draws these internal migrants?
work opportunities
The distinct era in which human activity is reshaping the planet in permanent ways is referred to as what?
Anthropocene
Policy makers and environmental experts struggle to agree on what should be done with nuclear waste, the life span of which will extend beyond human existence itself. What concept is best used to explain this phenomenon?
Anthropocene
What is one possible consequence of oil spills and other forms of mass water pollution?
It will kill off edible sea life completely by 2048.
The British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon disaster in 2010 poured 210 million gallons of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico over the course of two months. What is the British Petroleum oil spill characteristic of?
today's global age and the impacts of increasing globalization
Climate change, including global warming, is primarily produced by what?
increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases created by the burning of fossil fuels
The author states that pollution, population growth, climate change, and overfishing are serious issues, and nature may not be able to adapt to
human activity.
Anthropology developed during an intense period of globalization in the nineteenth century. What was one of the major characteristics of that period of globalization that drove this development?
transportation
In order to understand how any group of people lives in our global world today, what would we need to consider in addition to the customs, beliefs, and other aspects of their local culture?
global influences
What does an anthropologist call the type of research that compares multiple communities in order to examine links between them?
multisited ethnography
Global forces are expanding rapidly and moving into local communities everywhere. According to the author, people in local communities respond to these global forces by:
actively working to reshape encounters with global forces.