The method of __________ shows that a theory seems to be wrong
falsification
Whiting predicated that societies with a __________would have long postpartum sex taboos.
low-protein diet
Which theorist was pivotal in the theoretical approach of evolutionism?
Lewis Henry Morgan
Which of these fields focuses on the relationship between a society and its environment?
cultural ecology
Dual-inheritance theory relates to the roles of __________ and __________ in transmitting traits to future
generations.
genes; culture
How a researcher describes the procedure that will be followed to measure a variable is __________.
the operational definition
To measure something is to say how it compares with other things on some scale of __________.
variation
Which of the following is true of the archive known as the Human Relations Area Files?
Its collections have been indexed to make them easier to consult
Participant-observation refers to the __________.
practice of immersing oneself in the language and customs of a society
From where do we derive most anthropological data?
ethnographic fieldwork
Anything made or modified by a human is called a(n)__________.
artifact
Some estimate that there have been around 6,000 primate species in existence. What percentage of these has been
found in the fossil record?
3
An explanation is an answer to a __________ question.
why
How is a law defined in the physical sciences?
)It is a relationship between variables whose existence is suggested by repeated observation.
What is a statistical association?
)It is a relationship between two variables that is unlikely to be due to chance
Theories are __________.
explanations of laws and statistical associations
What was one of the ways that Franz Boas brought about the end of the evolutionism period in early anthropology?
He was strongly opposed to "race" theory, and emphasized the importance of cultural context.
The goal of interpretive anthropology is to __________.
understand what it means to be a person living in a particular culture
Interpretive anthropology can be contrasted with more __________ approaches.
scientific
In any field of investigation, __________ are generally the most plentiful commodity.
theories
How are cases chosen for a random sample?
so that each case has an equal chance of being selected
Anthropologists have realized that __________ their experiences and personal interactions is an important part of
understanding.
reflecting on
In __________, anthropologists compare ethnographic information obtained from societies found in a particular
region.
regional controlled comparisons
. What type of research allows anthropologists to generate interpretations on the basis of worldwide comparisons of
particular characteristics?
cross-cultural research
__________ is the study of descriptive materials about a single society at more than one point in time.
Ethnohistory
What is one major impediment to historical research?
Collecting and analyzing historical data is very time consuming.
What is the difference between a feature and an artifact?
)A feature is simply an artifact that cannot be removed from the archaeological site
Why is Pompeii such a well-preserved site?
It was covered quickly by a volcanic eruption.
What is the benefit of stratified archaeological sites?
Stratification provides a relative date for materials as they are excavated.
To whom do anthropologists have the most important ethical obligation?
the people they study
Which of the following is an example of a hypothesis?
Kinship terminology is associated with marital patterns.
Why can theories not be proven?
Many of the concepts and ideas in theories are not directly observable.
Which of these gives an accurate example of a researcher's sampling universe?
An investigator wants to understand high school drop-out rates, so she draws her sample from all the high school
students in her city.
When would you use a statistical test of significance?
to measure the differences among variables
Which of these is an example of cultural lag?
A society has recently changed their diet but still maintains a food-related taboo.
What should be taken into account when using ethnographic information from multiple cultures?
You should make sure that all of the information was gathered in the same time period
Anthropological research can be classified by its __________ and __________ scope.
spatial; temporal
Which of these is a common ecofact found at archaeological sites?
pollen
Archaeologists are concerned with recovering intact __________, while paleoanthropologists are concerned with
recovering intact __________.
features; fossils
Potassium-argon dating is an example of a(n) __________ dating technique.
absolute
Why is in incorrect to explain a cultural feature by saying it is "traditional"?
It is an unsatisfactory answer because it is a tautology.
What is the relationship between associations and theories?
Theories are more complicated explanations for observed associations.
What influence did Darwin's theory of evolution have on 19th-century anthropology?
Early anthropologists believed that cultures develop in a uniform manner, as Darwin suggested species do
What method should be used to test a theory concerning only one society?
within-culture comparison
When making sampling decisions in human research, what factor becomes very important?
choosing which population to study
How did the goals of archaeology change in the 1950s?
Anthropology was changing, shifting from historical particularism to a variety of new approaches.
How does archaeology differ from other approaches to cultural anthropology?
Only archaeology can look through long stretches of time and directly examine evolutionary trends
What is the major difference between relative dating and absolute dating methods?
Relative dating compares the age of an artifact with things around it, while absolute dating provides the actual age of
the artifact
While anthropologists often use pseudonyms to protect their study populations, what problem might arise from this
practice?
It is difficult to conduct follow-up research if the community has been disguised
Why are archaeologists, in particular, ethically obligated to publish the results of their research?
The very act of excavating a site destroys it for future archaeologists
Some estimate that there have been around 6,000 primate species in existence. What percentage of these has been
found in the fossil record?
3