Ethnography
A detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork.
Ethnology
Study & Analysis of different cultures from a comparative/historical point of view that help explain why certain important differences or similarities occur among groups.
Anthropology
It is the study of all aspects of human kind, biological, cultural, and linguistic, past and present, throughout the world, using a holistic approach.
Cultural Anthropology
Also known as social or sociocultural anthropology. The study of customary patterns in human behavior, thought, and feelings. It focuses on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures.
Culture
Way of life, society shared & socially transmitted ideas, values, emotions and perceptions
Holistic Perspective
Various parts of human culture and biology must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence.
Ethnocentrism
A cultural attitude marked by the tendency to regard one's own culture as superior to others.
Fieldwork
Ethnographic research that involves observing and interviewing the members of a culture to describe their way of life
Linguistic Anthropology
Study of human languages- looking at their structure, history, and relation to social and cultural contexts.
race
In biology, the taxonomic category of subspecies that is not applicable to humans because the division of humans into discrete types does not represent the true nature of human biological variation.
Bio-Archaeology
the archaeological study of human remains, emphasizing the preservation of cultural and social processes in the skeleton
Historical Archaeology
a subfield of archaeology that studies the remains of cultures that existed during the time of written records but about which little was recorded
Contemporary Archaeology
archaeologists that study in contemporary settings on the human antiquity & some prefer to focus on modern societies and cultures.
Cultural Resource Management
a branch of archaeology tied to government policies for the protection of cultural resources and involving surveying and/or excavating archaeological and historical remains threatened by construction or development
Physical Anthropology
Also known as biological anthropology. The systematic study of humans as biological organisms.
Molecular Anthropology
study of genes and genetic relationships
PaleoAnthropology
study of biological changes through time (evolution) to understand the origins and predecessors of the present human species.
Primatology
The study of living and fossil primates
Human Growth
Biological mechanisms of growth, impact of the environment on growth process.
Human Adaptation
capacity of humans to adapt to their material environment- biologically & culturally.
Forensic Anthropology
Field of applied physical anthropology that specializes in the identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes
Culture Shock
A condition of disorientation affecting someone who is suddenly exposed to an unfamiliar culture or way of life or set of attitudes
Enculturation
Through________, a society's culture is passed on from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society. Humans learn socially appropriate ways of satisfying the basic biologically determined needs of all humans.
Society
An organized group of people who share a territory, language, and culture.
symbols
A sound, gesture, mark or other sign that is arbitrarily linked to something else and represents it in a meaningful way.
Applied Anthropology
The use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve practical problems, often for a specific client.
Laura Nader
Playing a leading role in the development of the anthropology of law, _____ has taken on specialists in the fields of law, children's issues, nuclear energy, and science, critically questioning the basic assumptions under which these experts operate
Participant Observation
In ethnography, the technique of learning a people's culture through social participation and personal observation within the community being studied, as well as interviews and discussion with individual members of the group over an extended period of tim
Eliciting Devices
activities and objects used to draw out individuals and encourage them to recall and share information
Formal Interview
A structured question/answer session carefully notated as it occurs and based on prepared questions.
Informal Interview
an unstructured, open-ended conversation in everyday life
Multi-sited ethnography
The investigation and documentation of peoples and cultures embedded in the larger structures of a globalizing world, utilizing a range of methods in various locations of time and space.
Key Consultants
members of the society being studied who provide information that helps the researchers understand the meaning of what they observe
Idealist Perspective
A theoretical approach stressing the primacy of superstructure in cultural research and analysis.
Materialistic Perspective
a theoretical approach stressing the primacy of infrastructure in cultural research and analysis
Species
A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring
Genome
All the DNA in one cell of an organism
Gregor Mendel
Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)
Natural Selection
Charles Darwin's theory that the features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations.
Evolution
Changes in the genetic makeup of a population over generations.
Homosapiens
The species name for modern humans
Archaeology
Study of cultures through recovery and analysis of material remains and environmental data
Descriptive Linguistic
The scientific study of a spoken language, including its phonology, morphology, lexicon, grammar and syntax.
Historical Linguistic
The study of how languages change over time.
Primates
The subgroup of mammals that includes lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans.
Social & Cultural Linguistic
Relationship between culture and language. Including gender, age, class and ethnicity.
Ethnobotany
study of how various cultures use plants
zoo-archaeology
The study of animal remains from archaeological sites. The remains consist primarily of the hard parts of the body such as bones, teeth, and shells.
Kalahari
A desert in southwestern Africa - largely Botswana
Empirical
Based on observations of the world rather than on intuition or faith.
Cultural Relativism
Principle that people's beliefs and activities should be interpreted in terms of their own culture
Cultural Adaptation
a complex of ideas, activities, and technologies that enables people to survive and even thrive in their environment
Advocacy Anthropology
Research that is community based and politically involved.
Digital ethnography
the use of digital technologies (audio and visual) for the collection, analysis, and representation of ethnographic data.
Qualitative Data
Data associated with a more humanistic approach to geography, often collected through interviews, empirical observations, or the interpretation of texts, artwork, old maps, and other archives.
Quantitative Data
Data associated with mathematical models and statistical techniques used to analyze spatial location and association.
Real Culture
What people actually do
Indigenous intellectual property rights include the notion that:
A) Indigenous groups should control who may know and use their collective knowledge and its applications.
B) Cultures are free to raise children as they see fit.
C) Human rights are inalienable.
D) There is a realm of justice and morality beyond countries
FALSE
Culture is always adaptive
FALSE
The notion of American individualism makes it more difficult for enculturation to take place.
TRUE
Traditional cultural knowledge often has real monetary value.
Franz Boas
Anthropologist who challenged scientific racism and evolutionary constructions of racial hierarchy
Which is not an example of applied anthropology?
a. sociolinguistics
b. forensics
c. medical anthropology
answer; A
Psychological Anthropology
relates human psychology to social and cultural variation
Margaret mead
if gender is based on biological differences b/w men and women, people everywhere should define 'feminine' and 'masculine' in the same way." Concluded that culture is key to gender distinctions